,UC-NRLF 


3Da   S5b 


REGULATIONS 


VA.   MILITARY   INSTITUTE, 


LEXINGTON,  VIRGINIA. 


AN   APPENDIX, 


CONTAINING 

EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  GENERAL  REGULATIONS  OF  THE 
ARMY. 


RICHMOND : 

MACFARIANE  &  PERGUSSON, 
1854. 


/  3  S^l 


(i)xhm. 


Virginia  Military  Institute,  > 
July  4t/i,  1854.      ] 

The  following  revised  Regulations  having  been  pre- 
pared by  the  Board  of  Visitors  under  the  authority  vested 
in  them  by  law,  is  directed  that  they  shall  be  in  force 
from  and  after  the  1st  day  of  September  next. 

By  command  of  the  Board  of  Visitors, 

FRANCIS  H.  SMITH. 

Superintendent  V.  M.  I. 


M64185 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 
Article  I.  Organization 23 

IL  Admission  of  Cadets     ....  27 

III.  Uniform,  Furniture,  &c  .        .        .  .31 

IV.  Accounts.      .         .         .         .         .         .  32 

V.  Course  of  Instruction.     ,        .        .  .33 

VI.  Classification  of  Cadets  and  Manner  of 

Instruction    .         .         .         .         .        37 

VII.  General  Examinations     .         .         .         .38 

VIII.  Merit  Rolls 39 

IX.  Leaves  of  Absence  .         .         .         .42 

X.  Library 43 

XL  Discipline 44 

XII.  Miscellaneous 50 

XIII.  Regulations  for  the  Interior  Police  and 

Discipline  of  the  Institute       .         .     52 

APPENDIX. — Extracts  from  the  General  Regulations 

of  the  U.  S.  Army         ...  73 


HIS  EXCELLENCY  THE  GOVERNOR  OP  VIRGINIA, 

Inspector  (Ex-Officio.) 


BOARD  OF  VISITORS. 

Col.  Wm.  B.  Taliaferro,  President,  Gloucester. 

Gen.  Wm.  H.  Richardson,  Adj,  General,  Richmond. 

Qen,  D.  B.  Layne,         ....  Alleghany. 

Wm.  Seymour,  Esq Hardy. 

James  Barbour,  Esq Culpeper. 

Benj.  F.  Garrett,  Esq.        .         .         .  Halifax. 

Col.  Benj.  R.  Floyd,     ....  Wythe. 

O.  W.  Langfitt,  Esq,    ,         .         .         .  Brooke. 


ACADEMIC  STAFF. 

Col.  Francis  H.  Smith,  A.  M.,  Superintendent  and  Pro- 
fessor of  Mathematics. 

Maj.  J.  T.  L.  Preston,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Languages 
and  English  Literature. 

Maj.  T.  H.  Williamson,  Professor  of  Engineering,  Ar- 
chitecture and  Drawing. 

Maj.  Wm.  Gilliam,  A.  M.,  Professor  of  Chemistry,  In- 
structor of  Infantry  Tactics  and  Com't  of  Cadets. 

Maj.  ^Thomas  J.  Jackson,  Professor  of  Natural  and  Ex- 
perimental Philosophy  and  Instructor  of  Artillery. 

Maj.  R.  E.  Colston,  Professor  of  French  Language. 

Capt.  J.  W.  Allen,  Assistant  Professor  of  Mathematics 
and  Infantry  Tactics. 

Lieut.  Daniel  Truehart,         do.  do.  do. 

Lieut.  Henry  A.  Whiting,  Assistant  Professor  of  Lan- 
guages and  Infantry  Tactics. 


REGULATIONS    FOR  THE 


A  LIST, 

Showing  the  members  of  each  Board  of  Visiters  to  the 
Jhginia  Military  Institute,  since  its  organization 
in  1839. 


1839-40. 

C.  Cro^et,  President,  C.  P.  Dorman, 

P.  C.  Johnston,  Alfred  Leyburn, 

Bernard  Peyton,  Ad,  Genl,  James  McDowell, 
Thomas  H.  Botts,  Hugh  Barclay, 

John  F.  Wiley,  John  T.  L.  Preston, 

1840-41, 

C.  Crozet,  Prest,  C.  P.  Dorman, 

P.  C.  Johnston,  Alfred  Leyburn, 

Bernard  Peyton,  M,  Genl.  James  McDowell, 
ThoT:.as  H.  Botts,  Hugh  Barclay, 

William  Ligon,  George  H.  Lee. 


C.  Crozet,  Prest., 
P.  C.  Johnston, 
Thomas  H.  Botts, 
William  Ligon, 
C.  P.  Dorman, 


C.  Crozet,  Prest., 
P.  C.  Johnston, 
Thomas  H.  Botts, 
William  Ligon, 
C.  P.  Dorman, 


C.  Crozet,  Prest., 
P.  C.  Johnston, 


1841-42. 

A.  Leyburn, 

John  McDowell, 

H.  Barclay, 

George  H.  Lee, 

W^m.  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  01. 

1842-43. 

A.  Leyburn, 

James  McDowell, 

George  H.  Lee, 

Wm.  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  Gl. 

John  N.  Tazewell. 

1843-44. 

A.  Leyburn, 
George  H.  Lee. 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE. 


Thomas  H.  Botts. 
William  Ligon, 
C.  P.  Dorman, 


Wm.  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  Gl. 
John  N.  Tazewell, 
John  W.  Brockenbrough, 


C.  Crozet,  Prest. 
P.  C.  Johnston, 
Thomas  H.  Botts, 
William  Ligon, 
C.  P.  Dorman, 


1844-45. 


A.  Ley  burn, 

George  H.  Lee, 

Wm.  H.  Richardson,  Ad,  Gl. 

John  W.  Brockenbrough' 

Charles  Dimmock. 


1845-6. 

P.  C.  Johnston,  Prest.,  Robert  Wallace, 

C.  P.  Dorman,  Jas.  McD.  Taylor,  vice  Lee, 

A,  Ley  burn,  Corbin  Braxton, 

George  H.  Lee,  William  Daniel, 

Wm.  H.  Richardson,  ^^.  G/.George  W.  Munford,  vice 

Dimmock. 
John  W.  Brockenbrough,       W.  H.  Caruthers^  vice 

Brockenbrough. 
C.  Dimmock,  J.  G.  Paxton,  vice 

Caruthers, 

1346-47. 

P.  C.  Johnston,  P.  St.  George  Cocke, 

C.  P.  Dorman,  R.  A.  Thompson, 

Wm  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  G/.Inman  Horner, 
Corbin  Braxton,  Prest,,         Robert  Johnston, 
George  W.  Munford,  John  Jordan. 


1847-48. 

P.C.Johnston,  P.  St.  George  Cocke, 

C.  P.  Dorman,  Robert  Johnston, 

Wm.  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  GIG.  Cuthbert  Powell, 
Corbin  Braxton,  Prest.,         P.  H.  Steenbergen, 
George  W.  Munford,  W.  P.  Tunstall. 


10  VIRGINIA  MILITARY  INSTITUTE. 

1848-49. 

W.  H.  Richardson,  Ad,  GL,  J.  B.  Floyd,  declined, 

Corbin  Braxton,  Prest.,         Geo.  W.  Thompson, 

Geo.  W.  Munford,  Ed.  P.  Scott, 

P.  St.  Geo.  Cocke,  Wm.  H.  Terrill, 

P.  H.  Steenbergen,  P.  C.  Johnston,  vice  Floyd. 

C.  J.  Faulkner, 

1849-50. 

W.  H.  Richardson,  Ad,  GL,  John  S.  Barbour,  Sr., 

Corbin  Braxton,  Prest.,         D.  B.  Layne, 

P.  St.  Geo.  Cocke,  Jno.  M.  Daniel,  declined, 

P.  H.  Steenbergen,  Harvey  George, 

C.  J.  Faulkner,  W.  W.  Crump,  vice  Daniel. 

E.  P.  Scott, 

1850-51. 

W.  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  GL,  Douglas  B.  Layne, 
Corbin  Braxton,  Harvey  George, 

P.  St.  Geo.  Cocke,  Prest.,     W.  W.  Crump, 
P.  H.  Steenbergen,  E.  C.  Robinson. 

C.  J.  Faulkner, 

1851-52. 

W.  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  GL,  Geo.  Blow,  Jr., 
P.  St.  Geo.  Cocke,  Prest.,     Robt.  W.  Baylor, 

D.  B.  Layne,  P.  Henry  Aylett, 

W.  W.  Crump,  W.  A.  Street,  vice  Crump, 

A.  J.  O'Bannon,  J.  G.  Stringer. 

1852-53. 

W.  H.  Richardson,  ^^.  GL,  J.  F.  Snodgrass,  declined, 

D.  B.  Layne,  Sam.  V.  Fulkerson, 

W.  B.  Taliaferro,  Rob.  A.  Gray, 

W.  A.  Streit,  Saml.  F.   Hays,   vice  Snod- 

Fran.  M.  Boykin,  [grass. 

Geo.  W.  Brent, 


VIRGINIA  MILITARY  INSTITUTE.  11 

1853-54. 

W.  H.  Richardson,  Ad,  GL  Sam.  F.  Hays, 
D.  B.  Layne,  W.  Seymour, 

W.  B.  Taliaferro,  James  Barbour, 

F.  M.  Boykin,  Prest,  Benj.  F.  Garrett, 

Sam.  V.  Fulkerson, 

1854-55. 

W.  H.  Richardson,  Ad.  GL  W.  Seymour, 

D.  B.  Layne,  James  Barbour, 

W.  B.  Taliaferro,  Prest.,       B.  F.  Garrett, 

F.  M.  Boykin,  B.  R.  Floyd, 

Sam.  F.  Hays,  0.  W.  Langfitt,  vice  Hays. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  THE  COURSE  OF  STUDIES 

AT    THE 

VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE. 


-n ^ 

i                                STUDIES. 

TEXT    BOOKS. 

Arithmetic. 

Smith  and  Duke. 

< 

Algebra  and  Geometry. 

Smith,  Legendre. 

1st.  year. 

hJ 

o 

English  Grammar. 

Bullion. 

K 

Geography. 

Mitchell. 

^ 

French. 

Levizac,  Gil  Bias. 

Trigonometry. 

Legendre. 

i. 

Analytical  Geometry. 

Smith's  Biol. 

Vi 

Descriptive  Geometry. 

Davies. 

] 

Shades,  Shadows  and  Perspective. 

Lectures. 

2d.  year. 

M 

o 

Differential  and  Integral  Calculus. 

Church. 

Q 

French. 

Gil  Bias  and  Picot. 

W 

Latin. 

Drawing,  Landscape. 

Cajsarand  Virgil. 

i 

Mechanics,  Optic?,  and  Astronomy 

Bartlett. 

3d.  year. 

2 

Chemistry. 

Rogers,  Turner. 

o 

Latin. 

Horace,  liivy, Terence. 

j 

1 

Drawing,  Topography  and  Linear. 

Geology  and  Mineralogy. 

Hitchcock  and  Dana. 

• 

Military  and  Civil  Engineering. 

Mahan  and  Williamson. 

to 

Rhetoric. 

Blair,  Whateley  and  Lectures. 

English  Literature 

Chambers. 

4th.  year. 

o 

Infantry  Tactics. 

Scott. 

1 

Artillery  Tactics. 

Army  and  Kingsbury. 

Agricultural  Chemistry. 

Norton  and  Lectures. 

Moral  Philosophy. 

Paley. 

Cadets  are  assigned  to  classes,  according  to  their  previous 
preparation,  except  that  no  cadet  can  enter  a  higher  class  than 
the  second. 

The  cadets  are  daily  practised  in  military  exercises,  at  such 
hours  as  shall  not  interfere  with  their  regular  studies. 


CODE  OF  VIROINIA. 

CHAPTER  XXXIV.     '    ' 

MILITARY  SCHOOL  AND  LEXINGTON  ARSENAL. 


1.  The  Military  School  established  in  the  county  of 
Rockbridge,  near  the  town  of  Lexington,  shall  be  contin- 
ued under  the  name  of  ''  The  Virginia  Military  Institute," 
and  for  the  support  of  the  said  school,  the  sum  of  seven 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  ten  dollars  shall  be  annually 
paid  out  of  the  public  treasury,  and  in  addition  thereto, 
fifteen  hundred  dollars  shall  be  paid  out  of  the  surplus 
revenue  of  the  Literary  Fund,  as  directed  by  the  sixth 
section  of  the  seventy-ninth  chapter. 

2.  There  shall  be  a  Board  of  Visitors  for  the  Institution 
composed  of  the  Adjutant  General  and  eight  other  per- 
sons, two  of  whom  shall  be,  annually,  appointed  by  the 
Governor  of  each  Grand  Division  of  the  State. 

3.  The  Board  shall  meet  at  the  Institution.  A  meet- 
ing shall  be  held,  annually,  at  such  time  as  may  have  been 
designated  for  their  annual  meeting  in  their  last  resolution 
on  the  subject.  A  meeting  may  also  be  called  at  any 
time  by  the  Adjutant  General,  or  by  the  Superintendent 
of  the  Institution,  when  either  may  deem  it  advisable. 
And  the  Board  may  adjourn  from  time  to  time. 

4.  Any  vacancy  in  the  Board  of  Visitors  shall  be  com- 
municated by  the  Adjutant  General  to  the  Governor,  who 
shall  forthwith  supply  the  same. 

5.  Such  reasonable  expenses  as  the  Visitors  may  incur 
in  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  shall  be  allowed  by  the 
Governor,  and  paid  by  warrant  on  the  treasury. 

6.  The  Board  may  make  by-laws  and  regulations,  not 
inconsistent  with  the  laws  of  the  State,  for  their  own 


16  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE 

government  and  the  management  of  the  affairs  of  the 
.  Institvitipn,  and  may,  for  the  purpose  of  transacting  such 

busirjie^^G  is;  ii;  iU-  opinion  can  be  properly  transacted,  by 
c  2^  less  number  than'tjie  majority,  authorize  not  less  than 
Ifbi-r  membe^N  10  constitute  a  quorum. 

7.  The  Arsenal  and  all  its  grounds  and  buildings  shall 
be  considered  as  belonging  to  the  Institution,  and  the 
Board  shall  cause  the  same  and  all  the  arms  and  other 
property  therein,  or  belonging  thereto,  to  be  guared  and 
preserved. 

8.  They  may  expend,  annually,  a  sum  not  exceeding 
five  hundred  dollars  in  erecting,  altering,  or  repairing 
buildings,  so  as  to  have  such  as  may  be  suitable  and  pro- 
per for  the  Military  School. 

9.  The  Board  shall,  annually,  appoint  a  Treasurer,  who 
shall  give  bond,  with  sufficient  sureties,  in  the  penalty  of 
fifteen  thousand  dollars,  payable  to  the  Commonwealth, 
conditioned  for  the  performance  of  the  duties  of  his  of- 
fice ;  which  bond,  being  approved  by  the  Board,  and 
entered  at  large  upon  its  journal,  shall  be  transmitted  to 
the  first  Auditor  and  remain  filed  in  his  office. 

10.  The  Treasurer  shall,  annually,  on  or  before  the 
first  day  of  December,  in  each  year,  make  a  detailed  re- 
port of  his  accounts  to  the  Board  of  the  Literary  Fund, 
to  be  by  them  reported  to  the  General  Assembly.  The 
Board  of  Visitors  shall  cause  a  careful  examination  of 
the  accounts,  and  a  full  settlement  thereof  to  be  made 
at  least  once  a  year. 

11.  The  Board  of  Visitors  shall  appoint  Professors  to 
give  instruction  in  Military  Science,  and  in  such  other 
branches  of  knowledge  as  they  may  deem  proper ;  shall 
fix  the  salaries  of  the  Professors,  and  may  remove  them 
for  good  cause  ;  but  no  order  for  the  removal  of  a  Pro- 
fessor shall  be  made  without  the  concurrence  therein  of 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  17 

a  majority  of  the  whole  number  of  Visitors ;  and  the 
Board  shall  forthwith  communicate  to  the  Governor  a 
full  statement  of  the  reasons  on  which  the  removal  was 
made. 

12.  They  shall  prescribe  the  terms  upon  which  Cadets 
may  be  admitted,  their  number,  the  course  of  their  in- 
struction, the  nature  of  their  service,  and  the  duration 
thereof,  which  shall  not  be  less  than  two  nor  more  than 
Rye  years.  All  so  admitted  shall  make  full  compensation, 
except  such  as  are  provided  for  in  the  following  section. 

13.  They  shall  admit  as  State  Cadets,  free  of  charge 
for  board  and  tuition,  upon  evidence  of  fair  moral  char- 
acter, not  less  than  thirty-two  young  men,  who  shall 
not  be  less  than  sixteen,  nor  more  than  twenty-five 
years  of  age.  In  their  admission  strict  regard  shall  be 
had  to  the  proportionate  population  of  each  of  the  four 
Grand  Divisions  of  the  State,  taking  in  the  first  place 
one  from  each  senatorial  district  oiTering  a  suitable  per- 
son. In  event  of  any  division  not  furnishing  its  propor- 
tion, the  Board  of  Visitors,  after  giving  due  notice  of 
such  deficiency,  mdij  fill  the  vacancy  from  any  other 
division. 

14.  The  Board  may  enter  into  an  arrangement  with 
the  Trustees  of  the  Washington  College,  by  which  the 
Cadets  at  the  Military  School,  and  the  Students  at  the 
College,  may  respectively  be  admitted  to  the  advantages 
of  instruction  provided  at  either  place. 

15.  Any  commissioned  officer  of  the  militia  of  this 
State,  may  become  a  student  at  the  Institute  for  a  period 
of  time  not  exceeding  ten  months,  and  receive  instruc- 
tion in  any  or  all  of  the  departments  of  military  science 
taught  therein,  Vvdthout  being  required  to  pay  any  fee  or 
charge  for  tuition. 

16.  The  Cadets  shall  be  a  military  corps  under  the 


18  VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE. 

command   of  the    Superintendent,   and    constitute   the 
Guard  of  the  Institution. 

17.  The  Superintendent  shall,  from  time  to  time,  in- 
spect the  arms  at  the  arsenal ;  cause  the  same  to  be  kept 
safe  and  clean  ;  give  receipts  for  such  arms  as  may  be 
brought  there  to  be  deposited,  and  obey  such  orders  for 
the  delivery  of  arms  therefrom  as  he  may  receive  from 
the  Governor,  as  directed  by  the  twenty-seventh  chapter. 

18.  The  Superintendent  shall,  annually,  by  the  first 
day  of  October,  make  a  return  to  the  Adjutant  General, 
showing  the  names,  and  the  number  of  the  officers  and 
Cadets  at  the  Institute,  distinguishing  those  between  the 
ages  of  eighteen  and  forty-five,  and  showing  also  the 
public  arms,  ordnance,  equipments,  and  accoutrements 
at  the  Arsenal,  and  under  the  charge  of  the  same  corps. 

19.  The  Governor  of  the  State,  and  the  Board  of 
Visitors,  and  Faculty  of  the  Institute,  may  confer  the 
degree  of  graduate  upon  any  Cadet  found  qualified  to 
receive  it,  after  examination  upon  all  the  branches  of  the 
arts  and  sciences  and  literature  taught  at  the  Institute. 

20.  Every  Cadet  who,  since  the  eighth  day  of  March, 
eighteen  hundred  and  forty-two,  has  been,  or  hereafter 
shall  be,  received  on  State  account,  and  shall  have  re- 
mained in  the  Institution  during  the  period  of  two  years 
or  more,  shall  act  in  the  capacity  of  teacher  in  some 
school  wuthin  the  State,  for  two  years  after  leaving  the 
Institution,  unless  excused  by  the  Board  of  Visitors ; 
but  this  section  shall  not  be  construed  so  as  to  deprive 
such  Cadet  of  any  of  the  compensation  which  he  may 
be  able  to  obtain  for  teachino:. 

'21.  The  Board  of  Visitors  shall,  annually,  inspect  the 
public  arms  and  other  property  at  the  Arsenal,  and  make 
a  report  of  their  condition  and  of  the  condition  of  the 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  19 

school  to  the  Governor,  to  be  by  him  laid  before  the 
General  Assembly. 

22.  Commissions  shall  be  issued  to  the  Superinten- 
dent, Professor,  and  Assistant  Professor  of  Tactics  at  the 
Institute,  corresponding  with  those  of  Colonel,  Major, 
and  Captain  of  the  United  States  Corps  of  Engineers. 
Such  commission  shall  confer  no  rank  in  the  Militia,  nor 
entitle  any  person  holding  the  same,  to  any  pay  or  emol- 
ument by  reason  thereof. 

23.  There  shall  be  enlisted  in  the  public  guard  a  Ser- 
geant to  serve  as  an  Ordnance  or  Quartermaster  Sergeant 
at  the  Institute ;  he  shall  be  borne  on  the  roll  of  the 
guard,  paid  as  other  soldiers  of  the  guard  are  paid,  and 
when  in  service  at  the  Institute,  be  under  the  control  of 
the  officers  thereof. 

24.  The  Superintendent  of  the  Institute  may  enlist 
musicians  for  service  at  the  post,  to  be  paid  out  of  the 
annual  appropriation  heretofore  provided. 


REaULATIONS 


VIRGINIA  MIHTAEY  INSTITUTE. 


REGULATIONS 


VIRGINIA  MILITAEY  INSTITUTE. 

ARTICLE   I, 

ORGANIZATION. 

1.  A  permanent  Superintendent,  appointed  by  the  Board  of 
Visitors  will  have  the  immediate  government  of  the  Institution, 
and  be  held  responsible  for  its  correct  management.  He  will 
direct  the  Academic  duties  and  field  exercises ;  and  all  profes- 
sors, Academic  officers,  Instructors  and  Cadets,  shall  be  under 
his  command.  He  will  render  all  estimates  and  communica- 
tions to  the  Board  of  Visitors,  and  will  report  to  the  Adjutant 
Ofeneral  on  or  before  the  1st  of  October  in  each  year,  the  num- 
ber of  officers,  cadets  and  other  persons  on  duty  at  the  Institu- 
tion, with  a  full  return  of  the  number,  and  condition  of  the 
public  arms  on  deposite  in  the  State  Arsenal. 

2.  The  Superintendent  will  be  required  to  give  to  the  Board 
of  Visitors  six  months  previous  notice  before  resignation,  and 
other  professors  and  teachers  three  months. 

3.  The  Professors  and  teachers  shall  receive  every  mark  of 
respect,  to  which  their  rank  and  office  may  entitle  them,  respec- 
tively ;  but  no  Professor,  Assistant  Professor,  or  Teacher,  shall 
receive  any  fee,  present  or  reward  from  any  Cadet  of  the  Insti- 
tute. 

4.  The  Professors  shall  rank  according  to  date  of  academic 
appointment  in  all  academic  details  and  duties,  and  according 
to  military  grade  in  all  details  for  military  duty. 

5.  All  the  pupils  shall  be  styled  Cadets.  The  Superintendent 
is  authorized  to  detail  as  many  Cadets  to  act  as  Assistant  Pro- 


24  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

fessors  as  may  be  required,  and  the  appointment  shall  be  con- 
sidered an  honorable  distinction. 

6.  An  Academic  Board  for  the  transaction  of  business  shall 
be  constituted  as  follows, — the  Superintendent  and  the  Profes- 
sors of  each  separate  department,  of  which  Board  the  Superin- 
tendent shall  be  President. 

7.  During  the  examination  of  any  Class  or  Section,  the  im- 
mediate instructor  shall  act  as  a  member  of  the  Board. 

8.  Any  member  of  the  Academic  Staff,  not  a  member  of  the 
Board,  may  be  required  by  the  Superintendent  in  the  name  of 
the  Board  to  attend  its  meetings  and  to  give  information,  or  to 
express  an  opinion,  but  not  to  vote  in  the  decisions  of  the  Aca- 
demic Board. 

9.  A  member  of  the  Academic  Staff  shall  be  designated  by 
the  Superintendent  as  Secretary  of  the  Academic  Board,  by 
whom  its  proceedings  shall  be  fully  and  fairly  transcribed. 

10.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Academic  Board  to  designate 
the  Class  Book  to  be  used  in  each  department  of  instruction,  to 
recommend  for  purchase  all  such  books,  maps,  models,  and  ap- 
paratus as  may  be  required  for  purposes  of  instruction ;  to  ex- 
amine cadets  and  decide  on  their  merits,  and  recommend  to  the 
Board  of  Visitors  such  as  are  qualified  to  receive  diplomas. 

11.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  each  member  of  the  Academic 
Board  to  keep  a  note  of  the  Examination  of  each  Cadet,  and 
vote  upon  the  merits  of  every  Cadet,  when  the  Class  standing 
is  assigned. 

12.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Superintendent  at  each  annual 
examination  to  lay  before  the  Board  of  Visitors  a  table  shewing 
the  Class  marks  and  number  of  absences  from  recitation  of  each 
Cadet  in  each  department  of  instruction,  indicating  in  such 
table  the  names  of  those  cadets  deemed  by  their  Professor  of 
doubtful  proficiency.  Any  of  those  Cadets  passing  an  unsatis- 
factory examination  shall  be  pronounced  deficient. 

13.  No  member  of  the  1st  Class  pronounced  deficient  by  the 
Academic  Board  shall  receive  a  diploma. 

14.  A  Treasurer  shall  annually  be  appointed  by  the  Board  of 
Visitors  with  such  compensation  as  they  may  deem  sufficient, 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  25 

who  shall  give  bond  and  security  for  the  faithful  performance 
of  his  duty.  All  funds  belonging  to  the  Institute,  and  all  de- 
posits made  on  account  of  the  Cadets,  shall  be  deposited  in  the 
Lexington  Savings*  Institution  to  the  credit  of  the  Treasurer  of 
the  Institute,  the  certificates  of  deposit  being  filed  in  the  Superin- 
tendent's ofiice.  The  Treasurer  shall  keep  separate  accounts 
with  the  various  departments  of  the  Institute  and  Cadets,  and 
all  debts  and  credits  to  these  accounts  shall  be  made  upon  the 
order  of  the  Superintendent.  No  money  shall  be  drawn  from 
the  funds  of  the  Institute  or  from  the  deposits  of  the  Cadets  but 
upon  the  order  of  the  Superintendent,  and  a  check  drawn  by 
the  Treasurer  and  countersigned  by  the  Superintendent.  The 
Treasurer's  account  shall  be  subject  to  the  revisal  and  approval 
of  the  Superintendent.  He  shall  make  a  monthly  balance  sheet 
showing  the  condition  of  the  Treasury  for  the  use  of  the  Super- 
intendent. He  shall  make  an  abstract  of  all  cash  payments 
made  on  account  of  the  Cadets  for  the  use  of  the  officers  charged 
with  keeping  the  check  books  of  the  Cadets.  He  shall  return 
to  the  Superintendent  on  the  15th  of  June,  annually,  all  re- 
ceipts for  payments  made  on  account  of  Cadets.  He  shall  make 
annually  a  detailed  report,  to  be  laid  before  the  Superintendent 
setting  forth  all  payments  and  receipts  on  account  of  the  Insti- 
tute, separating,  in  distinct  accounts,  those  belonging  to  the 
Institute  proper,  the  Quarter  master.  Commissary,  &c.,  with  the 
necessary  vouchers,  and  make  such  a  consolidated  exhibit  as 
shall  show  the  actual  condition  of  the  public  funds. 

15.  I'he  Quarter  Master,  who  shall  be  appointed  annually  by 
the  Board  shall  have  in  charge  the  supplies  furnished  to  the 
Cadets  and  shall  issue  them  upon  orders  given  by  the  Superin- 
tendent at  prices  fixed  by  the  Board  of  Visitors.  He  shall  keep 
correct  accounts  of  all  supplies  which  he  may  receive  and  of  all 
articles  furnished  to  the  cadets,  separating  in  both  accounts,  the 
several  species  of  articles.  He  shall  keep  an  account  against 
the  Treasurer,  in  which  he  shall  charge  that  officer  with  all  the 
articles  delivered  to  the  Cadets  at  their  proper  prices  and  shall 
enter  therein  all  proper  credits  to  the  Treasurer  which  may 
arise  in  the  department.    He  shall  annually  prepare  a  detailed 


26  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

report  of  his  transactions  for  the  preceding  year,  together  with 
an  inventory  of  the  property  remaining  in  his  hands  and  its 
cost,  to  be  laid  before  the  Board  of  Visitors  by  the  Superintendent. 

16.  A  Commissary  of  Subsistence,  shall  be  annually  appoint- 
ed by  the  Board  of  Visitors,  with  such  compensation  as  they 
may  deem  sufficient,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  receive  all  sup- 
plies of  provisions,  &c.,  furnished  for  the  Steward^s  department, 
issue  them  upon  requisition  made  by  the  Steward  and  counter- 
signed by  the  Superintendent.  He  shall  keep  accurate  accounts 
of  all  expenses  of  the  Steward^s  department  and  make  a  quar- 
terly statement  thereof  to  the  Superintendent.  He  shall  annu- 
ally make  a  detailed  report  of  the  operations  of  his  department 
for  the  preceding  year  to  be  laid  before  the  Board  of  Visitors 
by  the  Superintendent,  together  with  an  inventory  of  the  prop- 
erty on  hand  and  its  value. 

17.  A  Steward  shall  be  annually  appointed  by  the  Board  of 
Visitors  with  such  compensation  as  they  may  deem  sufficient ; 
whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  see  that  the  provisions  furnished  by 
the  Commissary  of  Subsistence  are  properly  cooked  and  served 
up.  He  shall  make  weekly  requisitions  upon  the  Commissary 
for  the  necessary  supplies  for  the  Mess  Hall  and  be  held  accoun- 
table for  them.  He  shall  be  responsible  for  the  public  property 
belonging  to  the  Mess  Hall,  see  that  the  servants  attached 
thereto  discharge  their  duties  and  keep  the  Mess  Hall  and  its 
appurtenances  at  all  times  in  a  thorough  state  of  police.  Should 
any  provisions  furnished  by  the  Commissary  be  unsound  or  unfit 
for  use,  he  shall  immediately  report  the  fact  to  the  Board  of 
Survey.  He  shall  report  all  violations  of  the  Mess  Hall  regu- 
lations coming  under  his  observations  and  control  to  the  Com- 
mandant of  Cadets. 

18.  Three  senior  officers  next  in  rank  to  the  Superintendent, 
shall  constitute  a  Board  of  Survey,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
inspect  all  provisions  reported  unsound  by  the  Steward,  make 
regular  visitations  of  the  Mess  Hall,  by  a  detail  of  one  of  its 
members,  and  report  to  the  Superintendent  such  modifications 
in  the  existing  regulations  as  experience  may  dictate  for  the 
order  of  the  Hall  and  for  the  comfort  of  the  Cadets. 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  27 

19.  The  Superintendent  shall  keep  a  register,  in  which  shall 
be  recorded  the  name  of  every  Cadet,  as  soon  as  he  shall  enter 
the  Institute,  with  his  age  and  height  and  the  County,  Senato- 
rial District  and  Constitutional  Division  of  the  State  from  which 
he  may  come ;  a  transcript  of  which  so  far  as  may  relate  to  the 
Cadets  for  the  time  being,  shall  be  transmitted  to  the  Adjutant 
General  with  a  Report  of  the  Semi- Annual  examination  to  bo 
held  before  the  Governor. 

20.  A  Surgeon  shall  be  appointed  for  the  Institute  b}^  tlio 
Board  of  Visitors  at  their  annual  meeting.  He  shall  hold  his 
office  one  year ;  shall  be  subject  to  removal  for  cause  at  any 
time  by  the  Board ;  and  in  this  case  the  Board  so  removing, 
shall  appoint  another  for  the  residue  of  his  term ;  he  shall 
promptly  and  faithfully  attend  in  person  upon  the  Cadets,  at 
the  Institute,  whenever  called  upon  professional!}^  for  that  pur- 
pose by  any  of  the  officers  of  the  Institute ;  shall,  at  the  requi- 
sition of  the  Commanding  officer,  make  careful  examination  into, 
and  report  in  writing  upon  the  health  of  any  Cadet,  who,  com- 
plaining of  sickness,  may  ask  on  that  account  to  be  relieved 
from  any  of  his  duties  ;  and  he  shall  generally  do  whatsoever 
is  proper  to  be  done  by  him  as  health  officer  of  the  Institution. 
For  the  services  so  rendered  in  person,  unless  himself  sick,  and 
then  by  some  competent  physician  at  his  expense,  he  shall  re- 
ceive in  full  compensation  the  payment  provided  by  the  Board, 


ARTICLE    II. 

ADMISSION   OF   CADETS. 

21.  All  applications  for  admission  into  the  Virginia  Military 
Institute,  as  Cadets,  shall  be  addressed  to  the  Superintendent, 
accompanied  by  written  testimonials  of  fair  moral  character,  and 
of  the  claims  and  other  qualifications  of  the  applicant,  on  or 
before  the  20th  of  June  in  each  year ;  and  the  candidates  selec- 
ted by  the  Board  will  be  required  to  repair  to  Lexington  forth' 
tvitk  and  report  themselves  to  the  Superintendent. 

22.  Admissions  will  not  be  allowed  at  any  other  time  except 

2 


28  REGULATIONS    FOR    THE 

to  fill  vacancies  occasioned  by  death,  resignation,  or  dismissal, 
or  when  the  candidate  may  have  been  prevented  by  sickness  or 
other  unavoidable  cause  from  reporting  himself  at  the  time 
mentioned  in  the  previous  regulation ;  in  which  case  he  shall 
be  examined  as  soon  after  he  has  so  reported  himself  as  may  be 
convenient. 

23.  Each  candidate  before  he  is  admitted  into  the  Institute, 
as  a  Cadet,  or  Student,  must  be  able  to  read  and  write  well,  and 
to  perform  with  facility  and  accuracy  the  various  operations  of 
the  four  ground  rules  of  Arithmetic,  of  reduction,  of  simple 
and  compound  proportion,  and  of  vulgar  and  decimal  fractions. 

24.  Candidates  for  admission  will  be  examined  by  the  Aca- 
demic Board,  and  assigned  to  such  Class  as  their  proficiency  in 
their  studies  shall  w^arrant. 

25.  No  Cadet  shall  be  admitted  who  is  less  than  sixteen  or 
more  than  twenty-five  years  of  age,  or  who  is  below  five  feet  in 
height,  or  deformed,  or  afflicted  with  any  disease  or  infirmity 
which  would  render  him  unfit  for  military  service ;  or  who  may 
bring  with  him  at  the  time  of  presenting  himself  any  disorder 
of  an  infectious  or  immoral  character. 

26.  The  term  of  service  of  the  State  Cadets  shall  not  be  less 
than  three  years,  except  in  those  cases  in  which  from  previous 
preparation,  he  may  be  able  to  graduate  in  two  years  ;  for  other 
Cadets,  not  less  than  two  years ;  but  no  Cadet  shall  remain  lon- 
ger than  five  years ;  and  each  Cadet  when  he  enters  the  Insti- 
tute shall  subscribe  in  a  book  to  be  kept  for  that  purpose,  the 
following  matriculation  promise: — "  I  hereby  engage  to  serve  as 
a  Cadet  in  the  Virginia  Military  Institute  for  the  term  for  ivhich 
I  have  entered.,  and  I  promise  on  honor ,  'while  I  continue  a  mem- 
ber thereof  to  obey  all  legal  orders  of  the  constituted  authorities 
of  the  Institute  and  to  discharge  all  my  duties  as  Cadet  loitli  reg- 
ularity and  fidelity. ''  And  if  a  State  Cadet : — "  I  further  prom- 
ise to  serve  in  the  capacity  of  a  teacher  in  some  one  of  the  Schools 
of  the  Commonwealth,  for  the  term  of  tico  yearsy  after  finishing 
my  course  at  the  Institute,  unless  excused  by  the  Board  of  Visi- 
tors:' 

27.  Whenever  vacancies  shall  occur  in  the  corps  of  Cadets, 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  29 

whether  by  resignation  or  otherwise,  or  when  any  of  the  Con- 
stitutional Divisions  shall  not  furnish  their  full  proportions  of 
State  Cadets,  the  Senatorial  District  or  Districts  entitled  to  sup- 
ply such  vacancy  or  deficiency,  -shall  have  due  notification  of 
the  fact,  and  if  within  sixty  days  no  application  shall  be  recei- 
ved from  such  district  or  districts,  then  appointments  shall  be 
made  from  the  State  at  large. 

28.  In  the  admission  of  Cadets  other  than  State  Cadets,  a 
strict  regard  shall  be  had  to  the  proportionate  population  of  the 
four  great  Constitutional  Divisions  of  the  State,  taking  in  the 
first  place  one  from  each  Senatorial  District  ofiering  one  ;  but, 
in  the  event  that  any  of  these  Constitutional  Divisions  shall  not 
furnish  their  due  proportion  of  such  Cadets,  the  full  number 
that  may  be  received  at  the  Institute  may  be  made  up  by  the 
Board  of  Visitors  from  the  applications  from  any  other  of  such 
Constitutional  Divisions,  provided  that  public  notice  shall  have 
been  previously  given  by  advertisement  of  the  probable  number 
of  vacancies. 

29.  If,  after  the  appointment  of  a  State  Cadet,  it  should  ap- 
pear that  his  parent  or  guardian  is  able  to  support  him  as  a  pay 
Cadet,  he  shall  be  immediately  transferred  to  this  Class  of  Ca- 
dets, and  his  vacancy  filled  in  accordance  with  the  Regulations- 

30.  No  Cadet  discharged  from  the  Institute  shall  be  reap- 
pointed or  restored  under  any  circumstances,  unless  a,pplication 
is  made  to  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  reconsider  his  case,  and  it 
can  be  clearly  shown  that  his  case  was  misunderstood. 

31.  No  Student  under  sentence  of  suspension,  dismission  or 
expulsion  from  any  other  Institution,  shall  be  received  as  a 
Cadet  or  Student  of  the  Institute ;  unless  in  such  cases  as  may 
seem  to  the  Board  of  Visitors  to  form  proper  exceptions  to  this 
rule. 

32.  AVhen  an  applicant  shall  be  selected  for  admission,  his 
selection  shall  be  immediately  communicated  to  him  by  the 
President  of  the  Board  of  Visitors,  together  with  such  of  the 
regulations  as  relate  to  admission. 

33.  No  married  person  will  be  appointed  a  Cadet  at  the  Mil- 
itary Institute ;  and  if  any  cadet  shall  be  married  while  there, 


30  REGULATIONS    FOR  THE 

such  marriage  shall  be  considered  as  equivalent  to  a  resignation 
and  he  will  leave  the  Institute. 

34.  Each  selected  candidate  will  be  required  to  bring  with 
him,  or  provide  before  his  admission,  the  following  articles : 

2  pairs  Monroe  Shoes. 

2  pairs  white  Berlin  Gloves. 

7  Shirts. 

7  pairs  yarn  or  worsted  Socks. 

7  pairs  cotton  Socks. 

4  Pocket  Handkerchiefs. 

6  Towels. 

1  Clothes  Bag  made  of  ticking. 

1  Clothes  Brush. 

1  Hair  Brush. 
IComb. 

2  Pillow  Cases. 

2  pairs  Sheets  for  single  bed. 

1  pairs  Blankets  for  single  bed. 

1  Comfort  for  bed. 

6  pairs  white  Pantaloons — canvass  drilling. 

35.  The  board,  washing,  fuel,  lights,  beds  and  mathematical 
instruments  will  be  furnished  by  the  Institute. 

36.  Cadets,  other  than  State  Cadets,  shall  defray  their  own 
expenses,  and  in  addition  shall  pay  annually  in  advance  for  in- 
struction in  the  Institute  the  sum  of  $50. 

37.  Each  Cadet  will  be  required  to  deposit  semi-annually  in 
advance  with  the  Treasurer,  a  sum  sufficient  to  cover  his  expen- 
ses for  6  months  ;  and  upon  the  failure  of  any  Cadet  to  make 
the  deposits  above  mentioned,  for  the  space  of  six  weeks  after 
the  time  required,  such  Cadet  shall  be  required  to  Avithdraw,  at 
the  discretion  of  the  Superintendent. 

38.  The  Superintendent  shall  make  all  contracts  on  behalf  of 
the  Board  of  Visitors,  and  for  the  Cadets,  for  supplying  the 
Cadets  with  board,  fuel,  candles,  washing,  and  other  necessary 
articles  ;  and  in  no  case  will  it  be  allowable  for  a  Pay  Cadet  to 
pay  a  larger  sum  for  boarding  than  is  paid  for  the  State  Cadets. 
-  39,  All  moneys  for  the  use  of  the  Cadets  must  be  remitted 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  31 

directly  to  the  Superintendent.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  violate 
this  regulation,  or  whose  parent  or  guardian  shall  pay  any  debt 
contracted  by  him  during  his  connexion  with  the  Institute,  and 
in  violation  of  its  Kules,  shall  be  subject  to  immediate  discharge. 
40.  For  all  expenses,  except  the  fees  for  tuition  and  medical 
attendance,  every  Cadet  leaving  the  Institute,  before  the  expi- 
ration of  the  period  for  which  he  has  made  an  advance,  shall 
receive  the  unexpended  balance. 


ARTICLE   III. 

UNIFORM,    FURNITURE,   &C. 

41.  Each  Cadet  shall  keep  himself  supplied  at  all  times,  in 
addition  to  the  articles  of  clothing  which  he  is  required  to  bring 
with  him,  with  the  following,  viz  : 

42.  One  light  gray  cloth  Coatee,  single  breasted,  with  three 
rows  of  eight  gilt  convex  buttons  in  front,  impressed  with  the 
arms  of  the  State  of  Virginia,  and  blind  button  holes  of  black 
silk  cord  in  the  herring  bone  form,  with  a  festoon  turned  at  the 
back  end  ;  a  standing  collar  trimmed  with  black  silk  braid  to 
fit  the  neck  and  to  hook  in  front,  and  a  yellow  Virginia  button 
on  each  side — with  a  blind  button  hole  like  the  foregoing — cuffs 
four  inches  wide,  to  be  indented  with  three  buttons,  and  cord- 
holes  likewise  on  each  sleeve,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  to  be  in- 
serted the  lower  button — the  bottom  of  the  breast  and  hip  but- 
tons to  range — similar  cord  holes  to  proceed  from  three  buttons 
placed  lengthways  on  the  skirts,  with  three  buttons  down  the 
plaits. 

One  Surtout  Coat  of  grey  cloth,  of  the  same  color  with  that 
for  the  coatee,  and  of  such  pattern,  as  shall  be  prescribed  by  the 
Superintendent. 

43.  One  grey  cloth  Vest  for  winter,  of  the  same  color  with 
the  coatee,  single  breasted,  flat  gilt  buttons,  trimmed  with  black 
silk  lace  and  standing  collar. 

44.  Two  white  Vests  for  summer,  of  the  same  pattern.     Two 


08  REGULATIONS    FOR    THE 

pairs  of  grey  cloth  Pantaloons  for  winter,  with  a  black  cloth 
stripe  one  and  a  half  inches  wide,  down  the  outer  seam. 

45.  Four  pairs  of  plain  Avhite  Russian  drilling  Pantaloons  for 
summer,  without  trimmings. 

46.  One  fatigue  Jacket  of  unbleached  Russian  drilling,  with 
a  stand  collar,  one  flat  gilt  button  on  each  side  of  the  collar, 
half  an  inch  in  diameter,  and  eight  similar  buttons  down  the 
front. 

47.  One  dress  and  one  forage  Cap,  to  be  made  by  a  pattern 
directed  by  the  Superintendent. 

48.  One  black  Stock — two  sets  white  Belts,  two  inches  wide — 
and  one  Account  Book. 

49.  The  dress  of  the  Superintendent,  and  Professors,  which 
shall  be  always  worn  when  on  duty,  will  conform  to  that  of  the 
corps  of  Engineers  of  the  United  States^  Army,  except  the  but- 
ton, which  shall  be  the  same  with  that  prescribed  for  the  Militia 
of  the  State. 

50.  All  articles  of  uniform,  clothing,  and  equipments,  shall 
be  made  in  strict  conformity  to  patterns  and  of  materials  ap- 
proved by  the  Superintendent. 

51.  No  other  dress  than  that  which  is  prescribed,  shall  be 
worn  by  the  Cadets  or  kept  in  their  possession. 

52.  Each  Cadet  w411  unite  with  his  room-mates  in  purchasing, 
for  their  common  use,  necessary  room  furniture. 

53.  Every  Cadet  is  prohibited  to  sell  or  otherwise  dispose  of 
his  clothing,  books,  or  any  other  article  which  he  may  have 
purchased  for  his  own  use,  without  permission. 


ARTICLE   lY, 

ACCOUNTS. 

54.  No  Cadet  shall  contract  any  debt  without  permission  of 
the  Superintendent. 

55.  Every  Cadet  shall  keep  a  book,  in  which  shall  be  charged 
every  article  he  may  purchase.  This  book  shall  be  examined 
by  the  Superintendent. 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  WS 

56.  No  Cadet  shall  obtain  from  the  Superintendent  an  order 
for  goods  or  money,  unless  there  be  a  balance  due  to  the  said 
Cadet,  in  the  hands  of  the  Treasurer,  equal  to  the  amount  of 
such  order. 

57.  The  Treasurer  shall  keep  an  account  open  with  each  Ca- 
det for  whom  money  shall  have  been  deposited  in  his  hands,  in 
which  he  shall  be  credited,  with  the  sum  so  deposited  and 
charged  with  the  sums  paid  to  his  creditors  and  for  such  dis- 
bursements proper  receipts  shall  be  taken  by  the  Treasurer  and 
kept  on  file  in  his  oflSice. 

58.  Any  Cadet  will  be  permitted  to  inspect  his  accounts  and 
the  public  records  on  application  for  that  purpose  during  office 
hours. 


ARTICLE   V. 

COURSE   OF   INSTRUCTION. 

59.  The  studies  which  shall  be  pursued  and  the  instruction 
which  shall  be  given  at  tho  Military  Institute,  are  comprised 
under  the  following  heads : 

1st.  Infantry  Tactics  and  Military  Police. 

2nd.  Mathematics. 

3rd.  The  French  Language. 

4th.  The  Latin  Language. 

5th.  Drawing. 

6th.  Chemistry,  Mineralogy  and  Geology. 

7th.  Natural  and  Experimental  Philosoph3\ 

8th.  English 'Language  and  Literature,  Logic,  &c. 

9th.  Artillery  Tactics,  the  science  of  Gunnery,  and  the  duties 

of  a  Military  Labaratory. 
10th.  Military  and  Civil  Engineering  and  Civil  Architecture 
11th.  Geography. 

INFANTRY    TACTICS    AND    MILITARY    POLICE. 

60.  This  course  will  conform  to  the  system  of  Infantry  Tac- 
tics and  Military  Police  established  for  the  government  of  the 


34  REGULATIONS    FOR  THE 

Army,  and  will  embrace  the  schools  of  the  soldier,  company, 
and  battalion,  the  evolutions  of  the  line,  the  manual  exercises, 
and  manoeuvres,  of  Light  Infantry  and  Riflemen  together  with 
the  police  of  camp  and  garrison. 

MATHEMATICS. 

61.  This  course  Avill  comprehend  Algebra,  Plane  and  Solid 
Oeometry,  Plane  and  Splierical  Trigonometry,  MensuratioUj  De- 
scriptive  Geometry  with  its  application  to  Shades,  Shadows,  and 
Perspective,  Analytical  Geometry,  Differential  and  Integral  Cal- 
oidtis. 

THE    FRENCH    LANGUAGE. 

62.  French  Grammar,  reading  French  with  a  correct  pronun- 
ciation and  translating  French  into  English  and  English  into 
French  accurately. 

THE    LATIN    LANGUAGE. 

63.  Latin  Grammar,  Etymology, — construction  of  the  lan- 
guage, prosody, — oral  and  written  translations. 


64.  Embracing  instruction  in  topography,  delineating  the  face 
of  a  country  for  the  purposes  of  both  military  and  Civil  Engi- 
neering, pencil  and  pen  topography  for  daily  use,  and  Colored 
Topography  for  Bureaux  Maps. 

Industrial  Draicing,  explains  to  the  artisan  all  the  details  of 
the  various  works  of  Engineering,  Architecture,  and  the  In- 
dustrial Arts.  These  drawings  are  colored  for  the  purpose  of 
distinguishing  the  various  materials  used  in  construction,  wood, 
iron,  stone,  &c. 

Pencil  Draiving,  embraces  instruction  in  Landscape  sketch- 
ing— the  Human  figures  and  animals. 

CHEMISTRY   MINERALOGY   AND   GEOLOGY. 

65.  Chemical  Philosophy,  including  the  theory  and  practice 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  35 

of  analysis  and  the  Examination  of  Vegetable  and  Animal  pro- 
ductions, Electricity  and  Galvanism. 

Application  of  Chemistry  to  the  arts  of  a c/ri culture,  tanning, 
dyeing,  hleacliing,  gilding,  pyroteclmy,  &c. 

Mineralogy  and  Geology,  viz :  Classification  and  description 
of  mineral  sulostances ;  general  structure  and  classification  of 
rocks,  analysis  and  use  of  minerals  ;  view  of  the  diJBferent  sys- 
tems of  geology  and  mineralogy,  and  an  account  of  the  miner- 
als and  Geology  of  the  United  States. 

NATURAL   AND   EXPERIMENTAL    PHILOSOPHY. 

66.  MecJianics,  embracing  Statics,  Dynamics,   Hydrostatics, 
Hydrodynamics  and  Hydrostatics. 

Acoustics. 

Optics. 
Electro  Dynamics — embracing  magnetism  and  electro-mag- 
netism, with  the  construction  and-  use  of  the  instruments  neces- 
sary to  illustrate  their  principles. 

Astronomy. 

ENGLISH    LANGUAGE    AND    LITERATURE,    ^C. 

67.  This  course  will  embrace : 

Englisli  Grammar,  comprising  Orthography,  Etymology,  Syn- 
tax, and  Prosody,  with  instruction  in  Composition  and  Decla- 
mation; PliilosopTiic  Grammar. 

Mentcd  Fliilosopliy,  Constitidion  of  the  Mind,  &c. 
.  Moral  Philosophy,  comprising  an  enquiry  into  the  nature  and 
grounds  of  virtue  and  moral  obligation — our  relation  to  God — 
and  duties  flowing  therefrom,  the  duties  of  patriotism,  the  chief 
relations  of  mankind  to  each  other,  and  duties  thence  arising — 
personal  duties,  &c. 

Political  Science,  comprising  constitutional  law  of  the  United 
States  and  that  of  the  State  of  Virginia. 

ARTILLERY    TACTICS,    SCIENCE   OF    GUNNERY,    &.C. 

68.  Nomenclature,  and  description  of  the  diflferent  kinds  and 


98  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

parts  of  artillery ;  exercise  of  the  field  piece,  of  mortar,  &c., 
manoeuvres  of  field  battery. 

Gunnery — Theory  of  Gunnery,  target  practice,  with  various 
artillery  arms. 

Pyroiecliny — Manufacture  of  implements  of  war. 

MILITARY   AND   CIVIL   ENGINEERING. 

69.  Military  Engineering  comprehends  all  that  relates  to  field 
fortification,  laying  out  and  constructing  forts,  lines  and  other 
entrenchments ;  obstacles,  ditch  defenses,  block  houses,  and  to 
the  crossing  of  marshes  and  rivers.  Military  bridges,  with  a 
sketch  of  the  attack  and  defense  of  permanent  works. 

Civil  Engineering,  embraces  materials,  the  mechanical  prin- 
ciples and  the  details  of  construction,  in  Masonry,  Carpentry, 
Foundation  in  Land  and  in  Water,  Bridges,  Centres,  Roads, 
Drainage,  Locomotives,  Canals,  &c. 

Architecture,  continues  Masonry  and  Carpentry,  in  the  con- 
struction of  walls,  arches,  floors,  roofs,  &c.,  and  teaches  details 
and  characteristic  forms,  which  distinguish  the  various  styles  of 
Architecture,  Egyptian,  Greek,  Romanesque  and  Gothic. 

GEOGRAPHY. 

70.  Physical,  Descriptive,  and  Political  Geography,  Drawing 
of  Maps,  &c. 

71.  During  the  months  of  July  and  .August,  the  Cadets  shall 
be  encamped,  and  the  instruction  shall  be  exclusively  military. 
During  the  remaining  ten  months  of  the  year  instruction  shall 
be  given  in  all  the  courses. 

72.  The  order  of  instruction  in  the  several  branches  of  each 
course,  and  the  time  to  be  employed  in  each  branch,  shall  be 
determined  by  the  Academic  Board,  under  the  guidance  of  ex- 
perience and  a  just  regard  to  the  objects  of  the  Institution. 

73.  A  detailed  programme  of  the  course  of  instruction  in 
each  of  the  foregoing  branches,  shall  be  drawn  up  by  the  Aca- 
demic Board,  and  submitted  to  the  Board  of  Visitors,  and  when 
approved  by  them  shall  regulate  the  course  of  instruction  in 
which  no  changes  shall  be  made  without  their  authority. 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  |f 

ARTICLE   VI. 

CLASSinOATTON    OF   CADETS,    AND    MANNER   OF    INSTRUCTION. 

74.  The  Cadets  shall  be  arranged  in  four  distinct  classes,  cor- 
responding with  the  four  years  of  study.  The  Cadets  employed 
in  the  first  year's  course,  will  constitute  the  Fourth  class ;  those 
in  the  second  year's  course,  the  Third  Class  ;  those  in  the  third 
year's  course,  the  Second  Class,  and  those  in  the  fourth  year's 
course,  the  First  Class. 

75.  The  Class  shall  be  considered  as  taking  their  Commence- 
ment on  the  1st  July,  annually,  and  at  no  other  time  shall  a 
Cadet  be  advanced  or  transferred  from  one  Class  to  another, 
unless  prevented  by  sickness  or  authorized  absence  from  atten- 
ding the  annual  examination,  in  which  case  a  special  examina- 
tion shall  be  granted  him  ;  but  in  no  case  shall  a  Cadet  be  pass- 
ed from  one  Class  to  another  without  a  previous  examination 
by  the  Academic  Board. 

76.  Each  Professor  and  Instructor  at  the  head  of  a  separate 
department,  shall  be  the  judge  of  the  proper  mode  of  conveying 
instruction  in  his  own  department,  and  shall  be  held  responsi- 
ble for  the  correctness  of  that  mode. 

77.  Each  Instructor  having  immediate  charge  of  a  Class  or 
Section  of  Class,  for  instruction,  shall  keep  daily  notes  of  its 
progress,  and  the  relative  merit  of  the  Students ;  and  at  the 
end  of  each  week  he  shall  report  thereon  to  the  Superintendent, 
according  to  such  form  as  he  may  prescribe. 

78.  The  scale  of  marking  daily  recitations  shall  be :  for  a 
perfect  recitation,  3 ;  for  a  total  failure,  0 ;  intermediate  merit 
being  indicated  by  intermediate  numbers  expressed  in  tenths. 

79.  In  preparing  his  Class  reports,  each  instructor  will  take 
the  greatest  number  of  days  that  any  individual  of  the  section 
has  recited,  this  number  multiplied  by  3,  will  be  the  maximum 
for  the  week.  The  total  of  any  individual  who  has  recited  the 
greatest  number  of  days,  will  be  the  sum  of  his  daily  marks. 
To  obtain  the  total  of  any  one  who  has  recited  a  less  number 
of  days,  make  the  following  proportion ;  as  the  number  of  days 


38  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

he  has  recited,  is  to  the  greatest  number  of  days,  so  is  the  sum 
of  his  daily  marks,  to  the  required  total. 

80.  From  the  weekly  class  reports  of  each  month,  a  consoli- 
dated report  of  progress  will  be  made  out,  quarterly,  and  an 
abstract  thereof  forwarded  by  the  Superintendent  to  the  parent 
or  guardian  of  each  Cadet,  exhibiting  his  standing  for  that 
quarter,  his  health,  his  deposits  with  the  Treasurer,  his  debits 
with  the  Treasurer,  the  cash  on  hand  or  the  amount  due,  as  the 
case  may  be,  and  the  remittance  required,  if  any,  to  pay  ar- 
rears, and  for  the  expenses  of  the  next  quarter. 


ARTICLE    YII. 

GENERAL   EXAMINATIONS. 

81  An  annual  examination  of  all  the  classes,  preparatory  to 
their  advancement,  will  commence  in  June  of  each  year ;  at 
which  time  the  Cadets  shall  be  examined  by  the  Academic 
Board,  in  the  presence  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  and  such  other 
literary  and  scientific  gentlemen  as  may  be  invited  to  attend, 
and  any  others  who  may  choose  to  be  present. 

82.  Any  Cadet  found  deficient  at  the  annual  examination  in 
the  studies  of  his  Class,  shall  not  be  advanced  to  the  next  higher 
class  ;  and  if,  in  the  opinion  of  the  Faculty,  his  deficiency  is  to  be 
attributed  to  utter  incapacity,  or  habitual  want  of  application, 
or  his  conduct  be  grossly  ox  generally  immoral  or  improper,  his 
case  shall  be  reported  to  the  Board  of  Visitors,  to  the  end  that 
he  may  be  discharged. 

83.  A  semi-annual  examination  shall  be  held  by  the  Aca- 
demic Board,  in  the  presence  of  such  members  of  the  Board  of 
Visitors  as  may  attend,  commencing  on  the  first  Monday  in 
January  in  each  year. 

84.  Immediately  after  each  semi-annual  examination,  the 
Superintendent  shall  report  to  the  Board  of  Visitors,  who  will 
hold  a  special  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and  acting 
on  such  report,  the  names  of  all  such  Cadets  as  shall  have 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  39 

shown  utter  incapacity,  or  whose  conduct  has  been  grossly,  or 
generally  improper  or  immoral,  and  whom  he  may  deem  it  ad- 
visable to  discharge. 

85.  The  Board  of  Visitors  in  conjunction  with  the  Superin- 
tendent will,  annually,  immediately  after  the  General  examina- 
tion, select  for  special  report  to  the  Governor  the  names  of  such 
Cadets  as  have  most  distinguished  themselves  in  the  examina- 
tion, not  exceeding  two  in  each  class,  and  will  specify  the  stu- 
dies in  which  they  particularly  excel ;  and  the  standing  both 
for  conduct  and  scholarship  of  each  Cadet  shall  also  be  at  the 
same  time  communicated  by  them  to  their  parents  or  guardians. 

86.  Whenever  a  Cadet  shall  be  found  deficient  in  any  one  of 
his  studies  for  two  successive  years,  he  shall  stand  ipso  facto 
dismissed. 

87.  After  the  annual  examination,  a  diploma  signed  by  the 
Governor  of  Virginia,  and  the  Visitors  and  Faculty  of  the  In- 
stitute, shall  be  granted  to  each  Cadet  of  the  First  Class  desi- 
ring it,  who  shall  be  found  to  have  deserved  it,  as  well  by  his 
moral  deportment  as  his  proficiency  in  his  studies.  Each  Cadet 
receiving  a  diploma,  shall  be  required  to  pay  $5  therefor. 


ARTICLE    VIII. 

MERIT    ROLLS. 

88.  At  every  January  examination  the  Academic  Board  will 
form  rolls,  in  which  the  names  of  Cadets  shall  be  arranged  in 
their  respective  classes,  in  the  order  of  their  merit  or  proficien- 
cy in  each  branch  of  instruction  upon  which  they  are  examined. 

89.  At  every  July  examination,  the  Academic  Board  will,  in 
addition  to  rolls,  similar  to  those  described  in  the  preceding 
paragraph,  form  others,  in  which  the  merit  of  each  Cadet  in 
each  branch  of  instruction  upon  which  he  is  examined,  shall 
be  denoted  by  a  number  proportional  to  his  proficiency  and  to 
the  importance  of  the  subject;  and  in  which  the  names  of  the 
Cadets  shall  be  arranged  in  their  respective  classes  in  the  order 
of  aggregate  merit,  as  determined  for  each,  by  the  addition  of 


40  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

the  numbers  expressing  his  merit  in  each  particular  branch : 
but  in  forming  the  final  merit  roll  of  the  first  class,  the  result 
of  the  final  examination  shall  be  incorporated  with  the  results 
of  former  examinations. 

90.  The  relative  weight  to  be  given  to  the  difierent  subjects 
in  forming  the  general  merit  roll  of  each  class,  by  the  follow- 
ing numbers : 


Engineering,            .            .            . 

300 

Mathematics, 

300 

Natural  Philosophy,  &c.      - 

300 

Conduct,      -            -            -            - 

300 

Infantry  Tactics, 

200 

Chemistry, 

200 

Mineralogy  and  Geology,     - 

100 

Artillery,      .            -            -            - 

100 

English  Studies  and  Literature, 

200 

French  and  Latin,    - 

100  each. 

Drawing,      .            -            -            - 

100 

Geography, 

100 

History,        >            .            -            - 

100 

Composition  and  Declamation, 

50  each, 

Constitutional  Law  and  Moral  Philosophy,  100 

91.  The  minimum  mark  in  any  subject  shall  be  J  the  maxi- 
mum, intermediate  merit  being  represented  by  the  terms  of  an 
arithmetical  series,  the  extremes  of  which  are  the  highest  and 
lowest  marks,  and  the  number  of  terms,  the  number  of  the 
Class. 

92.  The  maximum  conduct  mark  for  the  1st  Class,  shall  be 
300,  minimum  being  100.  If  one  fourth  the  total  demerit  of  a 
member  of  the  1st  Class  be  taken  from  300,  the  result  will  give 
his  conduct  mark. 

93.  The  maximum  conduct  mark  for  the  2nd,  3rd  and  4th 
Classes,  shall  be  100,  the  minimum  being  33.  3.  If  one  third  the 
demerit  of  any  Cadet  for  the  year  be  taken  from  100,  the  result 
will  give  the  conduct  mark  for  these  classes. 


VIRGmiA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  41 

CONDUCT   ROLLS. 

94.  Rolls  exhibiting  the  relative  merit  of  tlic  Cadets  in  con- 
duct, shall  be  formed  by  the  Academic  Board,  from  the  register 
of  delinquencies  at  the  July  examination,  for  the  whole  of  the 
academic  year,  in  the  following  manner,  viz  : 

1st.  All  the  recorded  delinquencies  of  the  Cadets  shall  be 
arranged  in  Seven  Classes,  each  of  which  shall  comprise  those 
of  nearly  the  same  degree  of  criminality. 

2nd.  The  degree  of  criminality  of  an  offence  of  each  of  the 
Classes  so  formed,  shall  be  expressed  as  follows : 
Offences  of  the  First  Class  by  10. 
"       "  Second  "     ''     8. 

"       "  Fourth  "     "     4. 

''      ''  Sixth     '^     "     2. 
'*       ''  Seventh       "      1. 

For  each  year,  (after  the  first  year,)  that  a  Cadet  may  be  a 
member  of  the  Institution,  his  offences  shall  be  made  to  count 
more,  by  adding  to  the  number  expressing  the  degree  of  crimi- 
nality of  each  offence,  one  sixth  for  the  Third  Class,  one  third 
for  the  Second  Class  and  one  half  for  the  First  Class. 

3rd.  The  total  demerit  of  each  Cadet  will  be  exjti'essed  by 
the  sum  of  the  products  of  the  number  of  offences  of  each  class, 
divided  by  the  number  which  expresses  the  criminality  of  one 
offence  of  that  class. 

4th.  The  names  will  bo  arranged  throughout  in  the  order  of 
demerit,  those  of  the  least  degree  being  placed  first. 

95.  When  any  Cadet  shall  have  a  number  expressing  his  de- 
merit in  the  general  conduct  roll,  greater  than  100  by  the  1st  of 
January,  or  200  for  any  one  year,  such  Cadet  shall  be  declared 
deficient  in  conduct,  and  be  forthwith  sent  to  his  home  by  the 
Superintendent. 

96.  Copies  of  all  merit  rolls,  will  be  reported  to  the  Board  of 
Visitors  at  their  annual  meeting,  and  the  rolls  will  also  be  copied 
into  the  register  of  merit  at  the  Institute,  and  an  abstract  shall 
be  sent  to  the  parent  or  guardian  of  each  Cadet. 


42  REGULATIOIS'S    FOR   THE 


ARTICLE    IX. 

LEAVES   OF    ABSENCE. 

97.  The  Superintendent  is  authorized  to  grantleaves  of  absence 
to  Cadets,  at  the  request  of  their  parents  or  guardians,  during 
the  entire  period  of  the  encampment ;  provided  that  each  Ca- 
det so  permitted  to  be  absent  shall  have  been  present  at  least 
two  encampments,  and  provided  further,  that  no  cadet  shall 
have  such  leave  of  absence  against  whom  has  been  recorded, 
during  the  year  then  just  terminated,  demerit  to  the  number 
of  150. 

98.  Every  Cadet  on  leave  of  absence  for  the  time  of  the  en- 
campment shall,  before  his  departure,  collect  his  books,  bedding 
and  room  furniture,  and  deposite  them  properly  labelled  in 
charge  of  the  Quartermaster  Sergeant — and  he  shall  leave  with 
the  Commandant  of  Cadets  the  names  of  those  with  whom  he 
wishes  to  room  during  the  next  term. 

99.  Every  Cadet  who  shall  overstay  his  leave  of  absence,  will 
subject  himself  to  be  tried,  unless  he  shall  produce  a  certificate 
satisfactory  to  the  Superintendent  on  his  return,  of  his  having 
been  prevented  from  returning  by  sickness  or  some  other  una- 
voidable cause. 

100.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  wilfully  absent  himself  from  the 
Institute,  without  leave,  for  a  period  of  twentj^-four  hours,  shall 
be  dismissed. 

101.  Every  Cadet  on  returning  from  leave  of  absence  shall 
immediately  report  himself  to  the  Superintendent,  the  Com- 
mandant of  Cadets,  and  the  First  Sergeant  of  his  Company. 

102.  No  Professor  shall  absent  himself  from  the  Institute  for 
a  longer  time  than  ten  daj^s,  without  the  permission  of  the 
Board  of  Visitors ;  nor  shall  any  Professor  or  Officer  be  absent 
from  his  duty  at  any  time,  without  the  assent  of  the  Superin- 
tendent. 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  43 


ARTICLE    X. 


103.  A  member  of  the  Institute  shall  act  as  Librarian,  who 
shall  be  responsible  for  the  property  in  his  charge ;  he  shall 
attend  at  the  Library  at  such  hours,  and  under  such  by-laws  as 
shall  be  prescribed  by  the  Superintendent. 

104.  No  book  shall  be  taken  from  the  Library,  without  the 
knowledge  and  presence  of  the  Librarian. 

105.  No  persons,  except  members  of  the  Institute,  shall  be 
allowed  to  draw  books  from  the  Library. 

106.  For  every  book  drawn  from  the  Li])rary,  a  receipt  shall 
be  given. 

107.  No  officer  shall  be  allowed  to  have  in  his  possession,  at 
one  time,  more  than  four  volumes  ;  and  no  Cadet  more  than 
one,  with  accompanying  plates,  except  by  the  special  permission 
of  the  Superintendent. 

108.  No  person  shall  lend  any  book  drawn  from  the  Library. 

109.  No  person  shall  keep  any  book  more  than  two  weeks : 
and  all  violations  of  this  regulation  will  be  reported  by  the 
Librarian  to  the  .Superintendent. 

110.  All  persons  drawing  books  from  the  Library,  shall  be 
responsible  for  any  damage  done  to  them ;  the  aniount  of  which 
shall  be  estimated  by  the  Librarian,  and  reported  weekly  to  the 
Superintendent. 

111.  No  persons  shall  be  allowed  to  draw  books  from  the 
Library  while  a  fine  remains  unpaid,  or  while  books,  previously 
drawn,  are  retained  beyond  the  prescribed  time,  unless  they 
shall  be  so  retained  by  the  permission  of  the  vSuperintendent. 

112.  All  books  drawn  from  the  Library  shall  be  returned  by 
the  1st  of  June,  and  none  shall  be  afterwards  taken  out  by  any 
Cadet  until  the  1st  of  September  following,  without  the  written 
permission  of  the  Superintendent. 


44  REGULATIONS    FOR    THE 


ARTICLE    XI. 

DISCIPLINE. 

113.  The  Cadets  of  the  Institute  shall  constitute  a  Military 
Corps j  and  be  subject  to  Military  discipline,  under  the  immedi- 
ate command  of  the  Commandant  of  Cadets. 

114.  The  punishments  to  which  a  Cadet  shall  be  liable,  are 
comprised  in  the  three  following  classes : 

1st.  Privation  of  recreation,  &c. ;  extra  tours  of  duty,  repri- 
mand. 

2nd.  Arrest  or  confinement  in  his  room  or  tent. 

3rd.  Dismission,  with  the  privilege  of  resigning  ;  public  dig- 
mission.  The  punishment  of  the  first  and  second  classes,  men- 
tioned in  the  preceding  paragraph,  may  be  inflicted  by  the  Su- 
perintendent, or  with  his  approbation ;  those  of  the  third  class 
after  a  trial  by  court  martial,  except  in  cases  of  a  cadet  ex- 
ceeding the  limit  of  demerit,  being  wilfully  and  culpably  negli- 
gent of  his  duties  or  studies — or  manifesting  a  disposition  and 
determination  to  resist  the  authorities  of  the  Institute,  in  which 
cases,  the  Superintendent  is  authorized  to  dismiss,  without  the 
intervention  of  a  court-martial. 

115.  In  cases  of  irregularity  or  insubordination  on  the  part 
of  Cadets,  requiring  in  the  opinion  of  the  Superintendent  the 
infliction  of  the  3rd  class  of  punishment,  the  Superintendent 
may  convene  by  public  orders  a  Garrison  Court  Martial,  to 
consist  of  not  less  than  three,  nor  more  than  five  members,  and 
in  case  it  consists  of  three  members,  then  two  officers  of  the  In- 
stitute and  one  Cadet  officer  of  the  1st  Class  shall  be  detailed  on 
the  Court,  provided  that  no  officer  preferring  the  charges,  or 
interested  personally  in  them,  shall  be  competent  to  sit  upon 
the  Court,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  try  the  Cadet  upon  the 
charges  preferred,  and  make  a  finding  upon  the  testimony  ad- 
duced. 

116.  The  senior  officer  of  the  Court  shall  act  as  President  of 
the  Court,  and  the  duties  of  the  Judge  Advocate  will  devolve 
upon  the  junior  member. 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  45 

117.  The  mode  of  proceeding  in  such  Courts,  shall  conform 
as  far  as  practicable  to  the  rules  for  the  government  of  Courts 
Martial  in  the  United  States  Military  Service. 

118.  The  proceedings  of  the  Court,  properly  authenticated, 
shall  be  laid  before  the  Superintendent,  and  if  approved  by  him 
shall  be  promulgated  in  orders. 

119.  A  right  of  appeal  from  the  decision  of  the  Court  is  re- 
served to  the  Cadet ;  in  which  case  he  shall  immediately  notify 
the  Superintendent  of  the  same,  with  a  copy  of  his  appeal, 
whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  forward  a  copy  of  the  proceedings  of 
the  Court  to  the  President  of  the  Board,  accompanied  by  the 
appeal  of  the  Cadet,  with  his  own  remarks  thereon.  Should 
the  case,  in  the  opinion  of  the  President  of  the  Board,  require 
reinvestigation,  the  President  may  direct  the  original  proceed- 
ings to  be  suspended,  and  refer  the  same  to  a  meeting  of  the 
Board  of  Visitors,  to  be  called  by  the  President  for  that  pur- 
pose ;  otherwise  the  sentence  of  the  Court  shall  go  into  effect. 

120.  As  obedience  and  subordination  are  essential  to  the  pur- 
poses of  this  Institution,  any  Cadet  who  shall  disobey  a  com- 
mand of  the  Superintendent,  or  any  Professor,  Teacher,  In- 
structor, or  other  superior  officer,  or  behave  himself  in  a  refrac- 
tory or  disrespectful  manner  to  the  constituted  authorities  of 
the  Institute,  shall  be  dismissed,  or  less  severely  punished,  ac- 
cording to  the  nature  and  degree  of  his  offence. 

121.  No  Cadet  shall  drink,  or  bring,  or  cause  to  be  brought, 
within  the  Cadets'  limits,  or  have  in  his  room,  tent,  or  other- 
wise in  his  possession,  wine,  porter,  or  any  spirituous,  or  intox- 
icating liquors,  brandied  fruits,  or  viands,  upon  pain  of  being 
dismissed. 

122.  No  Cadet  shall,  without  permission,  go  to  any  inn,  pub- 
lic house,  or  place  where  wine,  porter,  or  any  spirituous  or 
intoxicating  liquors,  brandied  fruits  or  viands  are  sold,  upon 
pain  of  being  dismissed.  No  Cadet  shall  visit  any  Public  Hotel 
without  permission. 

123.  Any  Cadet  found  drunk,  or  under  the  influence  of  wine, 
porter,  or  any  spirituous  or  intoxicating  liquor,  brandied  fruits  or 
viands,  shall  be  dismissed. 


46  -  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

124.  Cadets  who  have  been  dismissed  from  the  Institute  shall 
forthwith  leave  the  premises. 

125.  No  Cadet  shall  play  at  Cards.,  or  any  other  game  of 
chance,  or  bring  or  cause  to  be  brought  upon  the  premises  of 
the  Institute,  or  have  in  his  room,  or  otherwise  in  his  possession, 
the  cards  or  other  materials  used  in  these  games,  on  pain  of 
being  dismissed  or  otherwise  less  severely  punished. 

126.  No  Cadet  shall  in  any  way  use  tobacco,  nor  bring  it,  or 
cause  it  to  be  brought  into  either  barracks  or  camp,  nor  have  it 
in  his  room,  or  otherwise  in  his  possession. 

127.  No  Cadet  shall  cook  or  prepare  food  in  either  barracks 
or  in  camp,  nor  have  cooked  provisions  in  his  room,  nor  give 
an  entertainment  there  or  elsewhere,  without  permission. 

128.  No  Cadet  shall  be  allowed  to  keep  a  waiter,  horse  or  dog. 

129.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  wantonly  damage  any  quarters,  or 
their  appurtenances  shall,  besides  making  good  such  damages, 
be  otherwise  punished,  according  to  the  nature  of  his  offence, 

130=  Each  Cadet  before  he  leaves  the  Institute,  shall  furnish 
to  the  Superintendent  a  certificate  from  the  Quartermaster  and 
other  proper  officers,  that  he  has  returned  all  property  charged 
to  him  in  good  order,  or  made  good  any  deficiency. 

131.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  lose,  damage,  destroy,  sell  or  other- 
wise dispose  of  the  arms,  accoutrements,  books,  instruments,  or 
other  public  property  in  his  possession,  shall,  besides  paying 
for  the  same,  be  otherwise  punished,  according  to  the  nature  of 
his  offence. 

132.  No  Cadet  shall  go  beyond  the  limits  of  the  Institute,  or 
such  other  limits  as  the  Superintendent  may  prescribe  without 
his  permission ;  nor  shall  any  permission  to  be  absent  from  the 
Institute  at  night  be  granted,  unless  upon  a  special  invitation 
to  visit  in  private  families,  or  to  attend  divine  worship,  or  upon 
such  occasions,  as  shall  be  deemed  proper  exceptions  to  this 
regulation  by  the  Superintendent. 

133.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  insult  a  sentinel  by  words  or  ges- 
ture, shall  be  dismissed,  or  otherwise  less  severely  punished. 

134.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  answer  for  another  at  any  roll  call, 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  47 

or  who  shall  engage  any  other  Cadet  to  answer  for  him,  shall 
be  dismissed  or  otherwise  less  severely  punished. 

135.  No  Cadet  shall  visit  during  the  hours  of  study,  or  be- 
tween tatto  and  reveille,  nor  be  absent  from  his  room  at  those 
times  for  any  purpose,  without  permission  from  the  proper  au- 
thority. 

136.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  absent  himself  from  his  room  at 
night  between  tatto  and  reveille,  for  a  longer  time  than  half  an 
hour,  on  any  one  occasion,  or  from  the  post  at  any  time  without 
leave,  and  shall  fail  to  satisfy  the  Superintendent  or  Board  of 
Visitors  that  he  did  not  so  absent  himself  for  any  immoral  pur- 
pose, and  that  he  did  not,  whilst  so  absent,  go  to  any  house  of 
entertainment,  or  any  other  place  without  the  limits  prescribed 
to  the  Cadets,  shall  be  dismissed  or  otherwise  less  severely 
punished. 

137.  Duties  appropriate  for  the  Sabbath,  including  attendance 
upon  Divine  service,  which  shall  be  imperative,  shall  be  pre- 
scribed by  the  Superintendent,  and  each  Cadet  shall  be  required 
to  conform  thereto. 

138.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  behave  indecently,  or  irreverently 
while  attending  Divine  Service,  or  shall  use  any  profane  oath, 
or  execration,  or  profane  the  Sabbath,  shall  be  dismissed  or 
otherwise  less  severely  punished. 

139.  The  Cadets  are  not  only  required  to  abstain  from  all 
vicious,  immoral,  or  irregular  conduct,  but  they  are  enjoined  on 
every  occasion  to  conduct  themselves  with  the  propriety  and 
decorum  of  gentlemen. 

140.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  be  guilty  of  conduct  unbecoming 
an  officer  and  a  gentleman,  shall  be  dismissed,  or  otherwise  less 
severely  punished. 

141.  No  Cadet  shall  send  or  accept  a  challenge  to  fight,  nor 
be  the  bearer  of  such  challenge,  written  or  verbal ;  nor  in  any 
way,  directly  or  indirectly,  countenance  or  promote  a  duel,  nor 
upbraid  another  for  declining  to  fight,  on  pain  of  being  dis- 
missed. 

142.  Every  Cadet  who  knows  that  a  challenge  to  fight  has 
been,  or  is  about  to  be  sent  or  accepted  by  any  other  Cadetj 


"r 


48  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

shall,  without  delay,  give  information  thereof  to  the  Superin- 
tendent. 

143.  No  Cadet  shall  use  any  reproachful  or  provoking  speeches 
or  gestures  to  another. 

144.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  by  an}^  means  whatever  traduce 
or  defame  another,  shall  be  dismissed  or  otherwise  less  severely 
punished — according  to  the  nature  of  his  offence. 

145.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  strike,  or  in  any  manner  offer  vio- 
lence to  another,  shall  be  punished  in  like  manner. 

146.  An}^  Cadet  who  shall  beat,  or  otherwise  maltreat  any 
citizen,  shall,  besides  being  amenable  to  the  law,  be  otherwise 
punished  according  to  the  nature  of  the  offence. 

147.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  wantonly  abuse  the  person  of  any 
Cadet,  by  pla^ang  unjustifiable  tricks  upon  him,  shall  be  dis- 
missed, or  otherwise  less  severely  punished,  according  to  the 
degree  of  the  offence. 

148.  No  Cadet  shall  sign  any  certificate  or  statements  relative 
to  personal  altercation  between  members  of  the  Institute,  or  to 
any  transaction  of  a  private  or  personal  nature,  without  per- 
mission from  the  Superintendent. 

149.  All  Cadets  who  shall  combine  or  agree  together  to  hold 
no  friendly  or  social  intercourse  with  another,  and  any  Cadet 
who  shall  endeavour  to  persuade  others  to  enter  into  such  com- 
bination or  agreement,  shall  be  dismissed  or  otherwise  severely 
punished. 

150.  All  combinations  under  any  pretext  whatever,  are  strictly 
prohibited.  Any  Cadet  who,  in  concert  with  others,  shall  adopt 
any  measure  under  pretence  of  procuring  redress  of  grievances, 
or  sign  any  paper,  or  enter  into  any  written  or  verbal  agreement 
with  a  view  to  violate  or  evade  any  regulation  of  the  Institute, 
or  to  do  any  act  contrary  to  the  rules  of  good  order  and  sub- 
ordination, or  who  shall  endeavour  to  persuade  others  to  do  the 
same,  shall  be  dismissed. 

151.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  manifest  an  insubordinate  or  re- 
fractory spirit — evincing  a  disposition  to  resist  the  authorities 
of  the  Institute,  thereb}^  disturbing  its  peace  and  order,  shall 
be  forthwith  sent  to  his  home  by  the  Superintendent — but  such 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  48 

Cadet  shall  after  such  dismissal,  have  the  right  of  appeal  to 
the  Board  of  Visitors  from  the  decision  of  the  Superintendent. 

152.  If  any  Cadet  shall  consider  himself  wronged  by  ano- 
ther, or  by  any  officer,  he  is  to  complain  thereof  to  the  Super- 
intendent, who  is  hereby  required  to  examine  into  the  said 
complaint,  and  to  take  the  proper  measures  for  redressing  the 
wrong  complained  of.  Should  the  party  complaining  be  refu- 
sed redress,  he  may  appeal  to  the  Board  of  Visitors  for  their 
examination  and  order  on  the  case. 

153.  All  communications  to  the  Board  of  Visitors,  from  any 
person  or  persons  belonging  to  the  Institute,  shall  be  made 
through  the  Superintendent,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to  forward 
them  to  the  Board,  with  such  remarks  as  he  may  think  proper. 

154.  All  publications  relative  to  the  Institute,  or  to  transac- 
tions at  the  Institute,  are  strictly  prohibited.  Any  Professor, 
Assistant  Professor,  Teacher,  Academic  Officer,  or  Cadet  there- 
fore, who  shall  be  at  all  concerned  in  writing  or  publishing  any 
article  of  such  character  in  any  newspaper  or  pamphlet,  or  in 
writing  or  publishing  any  handbill,  shall  be  dismissed,  or  other- 
wise severely  punished. 

155.  No  Cadet  shall  apply  for,  or  receive  money  from  his 
parents,  or  from  any  person  whomsoever,  without  permission 
from  the  Superintendent :  any  infraction  or  violation  of  which 
will  be  considered  a  positive  disobedience  of  orders  and  pun- 
ished accordingly. 

156.  The  strictest  attention  to  study  and  all  other  duties  will 
be  required.  Every  Cadet,  therefore,  who  shall  absent  himself 
from  duty  of  any  kind,  and  fail  to  render  a  satisfactory  excuse 
in  writing  for  such  absence,  shall  be  reprimanded,  put  upon 
extra  duty,  or  confined,  according  to  the  circumstances  of  the 
case. 

157.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  evince  a  culpable  neglect  of  his 
studies  or  duties,  shall  be  required  to  return  to  his  home  by  the 
Superintendent. 

158.  The  Professors,  Assistant  Professors  and  Teachers,  will 
be  held  accountable  for  the  regular  and  orderly  conduct  of  their 


50  REGULATIONS    FOR    THE 

respective  classes  or  sections  while  under  their  immediate  in- 
struction. 

159.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  every  Professor,  Teacher  and 
Assistant  Professor,  who  is  knowing  to  any  violation  of  the 
rules  and  regulations,  or  to  an^  crime,  irregularit}^  neglect  or 
other  improper  conduct  of  which  a  cadet  has  been  guilty,  to 
report  the  same  without  delay  to  the  Superintendent. 

160.  All  immoralities,  disorders,  misbehaviour,  or  neglect,  of 
which  Cadets  may  be  guilty,  to  the  prejudice  of  good  order  and 
military  discipline,  though  not  herein  expressly  mentioned,  are 
to  be  punished  according  to  the  nature  and  degree  of  the  of- 
fence. 

161.  In  all  details  of  military  duty,  the  rules  and  regulations 
for  the  government  of  the  army  of  the  United  States  are  to  be 
observed  so  far  as  they  are  applicable  to,  and  do  not  conflict 
with  the  regulations  adopted  for  the  government  of  the  Institute. 


ARTICLE    XII. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

162.  Each  Professor  and  Instructor,  at  the  head  of  a  separate 
department,  will  have  charge  of,  and  be  accountable  for,  the 
instruments  and  apparatus  supplied  for  the  use  of  the  depart- 
ment. 

163.  No  Professor,  Assistant  Professor,  or  Teacher,  shall  give 
a  certificate  or  make  an}^  statement  or  report  relating  to  the 
qualifications,  standing,  conduct,  or  character  of  any  Cadet,  or 
of  any  person  having  been  a  Cadet,  or  concerning  the  exami- 
nation of  any  candidate  for  admission,  unless  required  so  to  do 
by  the  special  direction  of  the  Superintendent. 

164.  No  Cadet  will  tender  his  resignation  unless  impelled 
thereto  by  urgent  reasons  which  must  be  fully  set  forth  in  his 
letter  of  resignation  ;  such  letter  must  be  accompanied  by  the 
written  consent  of  his  parent  or  guardian. 

165.  The  Superintendent  is  authorized  to  accept  the  resigna- 
tion of  Cadets  in  the  following  eases  only : 


VIRGINIA  MILITARY  INSTITUTE.  51 

1st.  Ill  health,  to  be  ascertained  by  the  Surgeon's  certificate. 

2nd.  Deficiency  of  funds,  which  has  arisen  since  the  Cadet's 
admission. 

3rd.  The  removal  of  the  parent  of  the  Cadet  from  the  State. 

In  such  cases,  the  resignation  of  a  Cadet  must  be  tendered 
to  the  Superintendent,  who  may  take  such  action  thereon  as  he 
may  think  proper,  subject  at  the  instance  of  the  Cadet  to  the 
revision  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  ;  in  all  other  cases  resignation 
must  be  tendered  to  the  Board  of  Visitors. 

166.  The  Superintendent,  and  in  his  absence  the  officer  in 
command,  shall  have  power  to  arrest  any  Professor,  or  subor- 
dinate Officer,  for  mutiny,  disobedience  of  orders,  unofficerlike 
conduct,  or  other  ofi*ences,  prohibited  by  the  rules  and  regula- 
tions prescribed  for  the  government  of  this  Institution ;  and  on 
such  arrest,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Superintendent,  or  other 
officer,  making  the  same,  to  appoint  a  day  for  the  trial  of  said 
Professor,  or  other  subordinate  officer,  not  less  than  ten,  nor 
more  than  thirty  days  from  the  date  of  such  arrest,  and  imme- 
diately notify  the  several  members  of  the  Board  of  Visitors  that 
said  arrest  has  been  made,  and  shall  also  furnish  the  person 
arrested  with  a  copy  of  the  charges  preferred  against  him. 

167.  Upon  the  application  of  any  Professor  or  subordinate 
officer,  it  shall  be  competent  for  any  two  or  more  of  the  Board 
of  Visitors  to  arrest  the  Superintendent,  for  unofficerlike  con- 
duct, or  other  offences  prohibited  by  the  rules  and  regulations 
for  the  government  of  this  Institute,  and  upon  such  arrest,  it 
shall  be  the  duty  of  the  members  making  the  same,  to  furnish 
the  Superintendent  with  a  copy  of  the  charge  or  charges  upon 
which  the  arrest  was  made,  and  furthermore,  to  fix  a  day  for 
his  trial  not  less  than  ten,  nor  more  than  thirty  days  from  the 
date  of  the  arrest,  and  also  to  notify  the  several  members  of 
the  Board  thereof. 

168.  No  Cadet  shall  be  admitted  into  the  Institute  until  he 
has  been  inspected  by  the  Surgeon,  whose  duty  it  shall  be  to 
make  a  report  to  the  Superintendent  of  the  Institute,  stating 
the  bodily  condition  of  each,  and  if  any  of  said  Cadets  be  pos- 
sessed of  any  disease,  seriously  impairing  their  physical  capa- 

3 


52  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

city  to  discharge  military  dut}^  or  calculated  to  infect  others, 
the  Superintendent  shall  either  reject  or  provide  that  the  dis- 
ease shall  not  be  communicated  to  others. 

169.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Superintendent  to  cause  the 
Regulations  of  the  Institute  to  be  read  upon  parade  from  time 
to  time,  provided  that  all  the  Regulations  be  published  to  the 
Cadets  at  least  once  each  year. 


ARTICLE    XIII. 

REGULATIONS    lOR   THE    INTERIOR    POLICE    AND   DISCIPLINE   OF    THE 
VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE. 

170.  The  Cadets  shall  be  organized  into  one  or  more  compa- 
nies according  to  number,  and  the  officers  shall  be  appointed  by 
the  Superintendent.  The  selection  shall  be  made  from  those 
Cadets  who  have  been  most  active  and  soldier-like  in  the  per- 
formance of  their  duties,  and  most  exemplary  in  their  general 
deportment.  In  general  the  officers  will  be  taken  from  the  first 
class,  and  the  non-commissioned  officers  from  the  second  and 
third  classes. 

171.  From  the  1st  of  March  to  the  1st  of  December,  there 
shall  be  an  infantry  or  artillery  drill  every  day  when  the  wea- 

her  is  favourable,  (Saturdays  and  Sundays  excepted),  at  such 
regular  hour  of  the  day  as  the  Commandant  of  Cadets  may 
appoint,  and  for  the  residue  of  the  yea.r  at  his  discretion. 

172.  There  shall  be  a  dress  parade  every  evening,  when  the 
weather  permits. 

173.  There  shall  be  an  inspection  of  the  Cadets  under  arms 
every  Saturday  morning  when  the  Aveather  permits. 

174.  No  Cadet  shall  be  absent  from  any  duty  whatever,  with- 
out permission  from  the  Superintendent,  or  upon  the  recom- 
mendation of  the  Surgeon.  When  a  Cadet  considers  himself 
too  unwell  to  attend  his  recitation  or  other  duties,  he  shall 
apply  to  the  Superintendent,  to  be  placed  upon  the  sick  list. 

DRESS. 

175.  No  Cadet  shall,  without  permission,  retain  in  his  quar- 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  53 

ters  any  article  of  dress,  other  than  the  uniform  for  the  Cadets 
prescribed  by  the  regulations. 

176.  The  overcoat  shall  not  be  worn  between  the  1st  of  April 
and  the  1st  of  October,  except  in  rainy  weather,  or  in  quarters 
at  any  time  during  study  hours. 

177.  The  fatigue  jacket  shall  only  be  Avorn  in  quarters  or 
camp  within  the  limits  of  the  chain  of  sentinels,  or  at  military 
exercises  when  directed. 

178.  Every  Cadet  shall  be  neatly  attired  whenever  his  room 
is  visited  by  an  officer. 

179.  The  hair  to  be  short,  or  what  is  generally  termed  crop- 
ped ;  whiskers  and  mustaches  shall  not  be  worn. 

BADGES   OF    DISTINCTION. 

180.  Cadets  acting  as  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers, 
shall  be  distinguished  by  the  following  badges. 

Captains,  chevrons  of  four  bars  of  single  lace  on  each  arm, 
above  the  elbow,  points  up. 

Lieutenants,  chevrons  of  three  bars  of  single  lace  on  each 
arm,  above  the  elbow,  points  up. 

Adjutants. — The  Lieutenant's  chevron,  with  an  arc. 

Quarie7inaster. — The  Lieutenant's  chevron,  with  a  horizontal 
bar. 

First  Sergeant. — Chevrons  of  two  bars  of  single  lace,  on  each 
arm,  above  the  elbow,  points  up — with  a  lozenge. 

Sergeants. — Chevrons  of  two  bars  of  single  lace  on  each  arm, 
above  the  elbow — points  up. 

Sergeant'MaJor. — The  Sergeant's  chevron,  with  an  arc. 

Quartermaster- Sergeant. — The  Sergeant's  chevron,  with  a  hor- 
izontal bar. 

Color-Bearer. — The  Sergeant's  chevron,  with  a  Star. 

Corporals.— Chewons  of  two  bars  of  single  lace  on  each  arm, 
below  the  elbow — points  up. 

Corporals  oftlie  Color  Guard. — The  Corporal's  chevron,  ^vith 
a  star. 

Cadets  appointed  acting  Assistant  Professors,  will  wear  upon 
their  Coats  three  rows  of  fourteen  buttons  in  front. 


54  REGULATIONS   FOR  THE 


181.  No  Cadet  shall  lend  or  exchange  his  arms  or  accoutre- 
ments or  use  those  of  any  other  Cadet. 

182.  The  arms  issued  to  Cadets  will  not  be  taken  from  their 
quarters  except  for  duty. 

183.  No  Cadet  shall  alter  his  musket,  by  scraping,  filing  or 
varnishing  the  stock,  barrel,  or  any  other  part  of  it ;  nor  shall 
the  lock  be  removed,  or  taken  apart,  v^ithout  the  permission  of 
the  officer  having  charge  of  the  same. 

184.  Cadets  are  prohibited  from  having  in  their  possession 
any  description  of  fire-arms,  or  other  weapon,  not  issued  to 
them  by  proper  authority. 

POLICE  OF   QUARTERS. 

185.  No  Cadet  shall  remove  from  the  room  assigned  to  him, 
without  permission  of  the  Commander  of  Cadets. 

186.  Every  Cadet,  on  rising  in  the  morning,  shall  roll  up  his 
mattress,  with  the  bed-clothes  neatly  folded  in  it,  put  it  into  the 
bed-sack  and  strap  it.  He  shall  hang  up  his  extra  clothing, 
put  such  articles  in  the  clothes  bag  as  it  is  intended  to  contain, 
and  arrange  all  his  effects  in  the  prescribed  order. 

187.  Every  Cadet  shall  attend  to  the  good  order  and  ar- 
rangement of  his  own  arms,  accoutrements,  clothing,  and 
their  effects ;  the  Orderly  shall  attend  to  the  general  police  of 
the  room,  and  shall  require  each  occupant  to  discharge  his 
proper  duty. 

188.  Cadets  shall  prepare  their  clothes  for  the  laundress  im- 
mediately after  reveille  on  Mondays  and  Thursdays. 

189.  No  Cadet  shall  throw  water  from  any  room  in  the  bar- 
racks upon  the  gallery. 

190.  No  Cadet  shall  throw  anything  from  the  windows,  doors 
or  galleries  of  the  barracks. 

191.  No  Cadet  shall  have  in  his  room  any  article  of  furniture 
not  prescribed. 

192.  No  Cadet  shall  keep  a  light  after  taps  at  night,  unless  he 
be  the  officer  of  the  day.  Superintendent  of  sub-division,  Adju- 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY  INSTITUTE.  55 

tant,  Quartermaster,  or  Assistant  Professor ;  but  all  lights  ex- 
cept that  of  the  officer  of  the  day,  shall  be  extinguished  at  11 
o'clock. 

193.  No  Cadet  shall  play  on  any  musical  instrument  on  Sun- 
day, nor  in  study  hours  on  any  other  day. 

194.  No  Cadet  shall  play  any  game  with  cards,  nor  at  any 
other  game  but  chess  or  back-gammon,  and  these  only  in  re- 
creation hours,  with  the  permission  of  the  Superintendent,  and 
shall  in  no  case  bet  or  wager  any  sum  of  money  or  other  thing. 

195.  Cadets  shall  walk  the  halls  and  galleries  of  the  barracks 
and  pass  up  and  down  stairs  in  study  hours,  with  as  little  noise 
as  possible;  running,  loud  talking,  scuffling,  or  unnecessary 
noise  in  barracks,  are  strictly  prohibited  at  all  times. 

196.  Every  Cadet  leaving  his  room  on  a  necessary  occasion, 
or  for  water,  when  the  sentinels  are  on  post,  shall  report  his 
departure  and  return  to  every  sentinel  he  passes,  and  shall  be 
absent  as  short  a  time  as  possible.  If  his  absence  occurs  after 
taps,  he  shall  report  to  the  officer  of  the  guard,  whose  duty  it 
shall  be  to  pass  him  out  and  in,  and  to  report  the  names  of  all 
individuals  thus  passed. 

197.  No  Cadet  shall  enter  or  stop  at  the  guard  room  during 
study  hours. 

198.  Whenever  a  Cadet  receives  permission  to  be  absent  from 
his  quarters  during  study  hours,  or  from  any  duty,  he  shall 
show  his  permit  to  the  officer  in  charge,  and  the  Superintendent 
of  his  division,  and  shall  leave  it  with  the  officer  of  the  day. 

199.  No  Cadet  shall  post  any  placard  or  notice  upon  any  of 
the  public  buildings,  or  affix  to  the  walls  of  his  room  any  map, 
picture,  or  piece  of  writing,  or  drive  a  nail  in  the  walls  or  tim- 
bers of  the  barracks,  without  the  permission  of  the  Comman- 
dant of  Cadets. 

200.  No  Cadet  shall  mark,  cut,  or  in  any  manner  deface  or 
injure  the  public  buildings. 

201.  No  Cadet  shall  throw  missiles  or  stones  of  any  descrip- 
tion in  the  vicinity  of  the  barracks  or  other  buildings. 

202.  No  Cadet  shall  introduce  a  citizen  into  the  barracks  dur- 
ing study  hours,  upon  any  pretence  whatever. 


56  REGULATIOKS    FOR   THE 

ORDERLIES   OF   ROOMS. 

203.  There  shall  be  an  Orderly  detailed  for  each  room  occu- 
pied by  the  Cadets,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  until  he  is 
relieved  by  the  proper  officer. 

204.  The  Orderly  shall  see  that  the  names  of  his  room-mates 
are  on  the  orderly  board,  his  own  name  being  the  first  or  upper 
name  on  the  board. 

205.  He  shall  be  held  responsible  for  the  preservation  of  all 
public  property  attached  to  the  room,  for  the  common  use  of  its 
occupants. 

206.  He  shall  be  held  responsible  for  the  cleanliness  of  the 
room,  the  proper  arrangement  of  its  contents,  and  for  the  strict 
observance  of  regulations  and  orders  therein. 

207.  Every  morning,  immediately  after  reveille,  he  shall 
thoroughly  sweep  every ,  part  of  the  floor  of  his  room,  brush  the 
dust  from  the  furniture,  &c.,  and  sweep  the  dirt  collected  out  of 
the  room,  but  shall  not  sweep  dirt  into  the  halls  of  the  barracks 
during  the  remainder  of  the  day. 

208.  He  shall  see  that  a  light  is  in  his  room  within  ten  min- 
utes after  the  evening  call  to  quarters. 

209.  Every  night  after  tattoo,  and  before  taps,  he  shall  cause 
all  the  lights  in  the  rooms  to  be  carefully  extinguished. 

210.  He  shall  answer  promptly  and  fully  to  every  question 
put  to  him  by  an  Officer  or  by  a  Cadet  on  duty. 

SUPERINTENDENTS   OF   DIVISIONS. 

211.  Each  of  the  Instructors  of  Infantry  Tactics  shall  super- 
intend a  company  of  Cadets  and  its  company  quarters,  and 
shall  see  that  the  regulations  are  duly  observed  therein.  He 
shall  superintend,  or  instruct  at  the  military  exercise  of  his 
company,  and  be  responsible  for  the  proper  observance  of  all 
parades  and  roll  calls. 

212.  He  shall  inspect  the  rooms  of  his  division  three  times 
between  reveille  and  tattoo.  He  shall  also  frequently  inspect 
between  tattoo  and  reveille. 

213.  He  shall  after  his  inspection  on  Sunday  morning,  direct 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY    INSTITUTE.  57 

the  Orderlies  of  such  rooms  as  are  not  in  good  order,  to  be  con- 
tinued for  the  same  duty  for  the  ensuing  week. 

214.  lie  shall,  every  morning,  make  to  the  Commandant  of 
Cadets  a  report  in  writing  of  all  delinquencies  that  may  have 
come  to  his  knowledge  since  his  last  report,  and  of  the  condi- 
tion of  each  room  with  regard  to  police.  Specifying  those  in 
the  best,  and  those  in  the  worst  order,  and  the  names  of  the 
Orderlies. 

SUPEiaXTEXDENTS   OF    SUB-DIVISIONS. 

215.  Each  division  of  quarters  under  the  superintendence  of 
an  Assistant  Instructor  of  Tactics,  shall  be  sub-divided,  and 
each  sub-division  shall  be  placed  under  the  superintendence  of 
one  of  the  officers  of  the  corps,  who  shall  be  charged  with  the 
immediate  care  of  its  police,  and  the  preservation  of  general 
good  order  therein. 

216.  The  Superintendent  of  a  sub-division  of  quarters,  in 
case  of  any  noise  and  scuffling,  or  other  improper  conduct  in  any 
room,  hall  or  gallery  under  his  charge,  shall  repair  instantly  to 
the  spot  and  suppress  the  irregularity,  order  the  parties  to  their 
rooms,  and  forthwith  report  the  circumstances  to  the  Superin- 
tendent of  his  division,  or  to  the  officer  in  charge. 

217.  He  shall  keep  a  roster  of  the  occupants  of  each  room  of 
his  subdivision,  and  shall,  every  Sunday  morning,  personally 
direct  those  whose  turn  it  is  to  enter  upon  their  duties  as  Order- 
lies for  the  ensuing  week,  except  in  cases  otherwise  directed  by 
the  Superintendent  of  division. 

218.  He  shall  communicate  to  the  occupants  of  rooms  under 
his  charge,  such  orders  as  may  be  given  by  the  Superintendent 
of  division,  relative  to  the  police,  and  shall  cause  them  to  be 
strictly  observed. 

219.  He  shall  visit  every  room  in  his  sub-division  immedi- 
ately after  taps  at  night,  and  shall  ascertain,  by  minute  inspec- 
tion, whether  the  duties  of  the  Orderly  have  been  properly  per- 
formed, and  whether  the  occupants  of  the  room  are  all  present 
and  in  bed.  He  shall  cause  the  Orderlies  and  others,  in  every 
case  of  neglect  observed  at  this  visit,  to  comply  strictly  with 


58  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

the  regulations,  and  shall  report  the  result  of  his  inspection  to 
the  officer  in  charge. 

220.  He  will  see  by  personal  inspection  that  the  gas-burner 
is  closed  in  each  room. 

221.  He  shall  also  visit  and  thoroughly  inspect  all  rooms  under 
his  charge  thirty  minutes  after  reveille,  immediately  after  which 
he  shall  make  a  report  in  writing  to  the  Superintendent  of  his 
division,  subjoining  thereto  the  word  "  certified'^  with  his  sig- 
nature. 

"  COMMANDANT   OF    CADETS.^ ^ 

222.  The  Commandant  of  Cadets  shall  make  a  minute  in- 
spection of  the  rooms,  furniture,  &c.,  of  the  Cadets,  at  least 
once  a  week,  and  Avill  make  a  special  report  thereon  to  the  Su- 
perintendent. 

223.  He  will  also  make  occasional  inspections  of  quarters 
after  taps. 

224.  He  shall  prescribe  the  order  in  which  the  furniture,  bed- 
ding, books,  clothing,  equipments,  &c.,  shall  be  arranged  through- 
out the  barracks. 

225.  He  shall  make  a  report  to  the  Superintendent  every 
morning  between  8  and  9  o^clock,  A.  M.,  of  the  condition  of  the 
barracks  and  of  the  discipline  of  the  Cadets,  noting  specially 
such  matters  as  may  require  his  consideration  and  action. 

226.  He  shall  be  responsible  for  the  safe  keeping  and  good 
order  of  all  arms,  accoutrements  and  other  public  property  in 
use  by  the  Cadets. 

OFFICER  IN   CHARGE. 

227.  Each  of  the  Assistant  Instructors  of  Tactics  shall  be 
detailed  in  turn  as  officer  in  charge  for  the  day ;  his  tour  to 
commence  at  Guard  mounting. 

228.  He  shall  superintend  the  performance  of  all  the  duties 
of  the  day  which  do  not  require  the  presence  of  the  Comman- 
dant, and  see  that  they  are  performed  according  to  regulations 
and  orders. 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  S9 

229.  He  shall  promptly  correct  all  irregularities  which  may 
occur  in  the  barracks,  or  in  their  vicinity,  and  shall  be  in  the 
barracks  yard  at  taps  to  receive  the  reports  of  Inspectors. 

230.  He  shall  be  present  at  class  parades  and  roll  calls,  dur- 
ing his  tour ;  and  shall  not  absent  himself  from  the  barracks 
or  their  vicinity,  except  at  meal  times,  without  the  approbation 
of  the  Commandant  of  Cadets. 

"  OFFICER   or    THE   DAY.'^ 

231.  The  Officer  of  the  day  shall  be  detailed  generally  from 
the  roster  of  Cadets  acting  as  officers,  but  every  Cadet  of  the 
First  Class  shall  be  detailed  to  perform  this  duty  once. 

232.  He  shall,  after  receiving  his  guard,  report  for  orders  to 
the  Commandant  of  Cadets,  and  shall  receive  and  obey  such 
orders  as  may  be  given  him  during  his  tour  by  the  officer  in 
charge. 

233.  He  shall  give  the  guard  the  orders  of  the  day,  regulate 
the  reliefs,  and  have  such  of  the  guard  dismissed  as  are  not  re- 
quired for  duty. 

234.  He  shall  cause  the  sentinels  to  be  posted  at  proper  times, 
shall  visit  them  ten  minutes  after  they  are  posted,  and  see  that 
they  are  properly  instructed  in  their  duties. 

235.  He  shall  cause  all  academic  signals  to  be  sounded  at  the 
proper  times. 

236.  He  shall  superintend  the  formation  of  the  classes  and 
sections,  require  the  marchers  to  report  the  absentees,  and  to 
preserve  good  order  on  parade,  and  while  marching  to  and  from 
the  Institute,  and  shall  not  leave  the  parade  ground  until  all 
the  sections  have  reached  their  recitation  rooms. 

237.  He  shall  then  immediately  seek  all  who  have  been  re- 
ported to  him  as  absent,  (except  those  properly  excused),  and 
order  them  to  repair  forthwith  to  their  respective  recitation 
rooms,  or  wherever  their  duty  may  require  their  presence : 
whenever  they  are  found  absent  he  will  report  the  fact.  He 
shall  report  to  the  officer  in  charge  all  whom  he  does  not  find, 
and  all  such  as  fail  to  obey  his  orders. 

238.  He  shall  take  prompt  and  effectual  measures  for  sup- 


60  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

pressing  all  irregularities  and  disturbances  that  may  occur  in 
or  near  the  barracks, 

239.  He  shall  station  himself  in  or  near  the  guard-room,  be- 
tween reveille  and  taps,  constantly,  except  when  absent  on  duty 
or  at  meals. 

240.  He  shall  be  held  responsible  for  all  public  property  de- 
posited in  the  guard-room. 

241.  He  shall  report  to  the  officer  in  charge  for  orders,  imme- 
diately after  taps.  He  shall  then  immediately,  (unless  other- 
wise ordered,)  visit  the  rooms  of  all  Cadets  who  are  reported 
absent,  and  ho  shall  repeat  his  visits  at  intervals  of  fifteen  min- 
>ites  to  the  room  of  each  absentee  till  his  return. 

242.  On  the  back  of  his  guard  report,  he  shall  note  all  viola- 
tions of  the  regulations  which  may  have  come  to  his  knowledge 
during  his  tour,  stating  the  name  of  each  delinquent,  with  a 
clear  and  precise  description  of  his  offence,  and  the  circumstan- 
ces of  time  and  place,  when  they  are  not  necessarily  under- 
stood ;  he  shall  also  state,  particularly,  the  orders  given  him  by 
any  authorized  officer,  and  the  time  at  which  each  absentee  at 
taps  returned  to  his  room  ;  and  he  will  subjoin  to  his  reporjt 
the  word  "  certifiecV^  with  his  signature. 

SENTINELS. 

243.  There  being  perhaps  no  better  test  of  soldiership,  and 
the  discipline  of  a  command  than  the  manner  in  which  the 
duties  of  sentinels  are  performed.  Cadets  should  understand  the 
honor  and  responsibility  of  a  soldier  on  post. 

244.  All  persons  of  whatever  rank  are  required  to  observe 
the  greatest  respect  towards  sentinels,  and  no  officer  or  other 
person  shall  make  use  of  any  expression,  language  or  gesture 
to  a  Cadet  on  post. 

245.  Every  sentinel  shall  (jbey  the  orders  of  the  Superinten- 
dent, Commandant  of  Cadets,  Superintendent  of  Division,  Offi- 
cer in  charge.  Officer  of  the  day,  and  the  Officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  of  the  guard. 

246.  At  evening  parade  each  First  Sergeant  shall  warn  the 
Cadets  of  his  company,  who  are  detailed  to  mount  guard  the 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  61 

ensuing  day,  always  taking  those  for  this  duty  first  who  have 
been  the  longest  off.  The  guard  thus  detailed,  shall  be  on  duty 
all  night,  at  least  one  sentinel  being  on  post  at  a  time. 

247.  Every  Cadet  of  the  guard  shall  appear  at  guard  mount- 
ing in  perfect  order. 

248.  Cadets  detailed  for  guard  shall  wear  their  side  arms 
when  not  on  post,  and  shall  not,  during  their  tour,  leave  the 
Institute. 

249.  As  soon  as  a  sentinel  is  posted  in  the  barracks,  he  shall 
visit  every  room  under  his  charge,  see  that  all  the  occupants  are 
present,  and  order  (if  it  be  in  study  hours)  every  Cadet  whom 
he  may  find  visiting  to  go  to  his  room.  If  he  fail  to  obey  the 
order,  he  shall  forthwitli  call  the  Sergeant  of  the  guard  and  re- 
port his  disobedience. 

250.  Every  sentinel  on  post,  when  the  call  "  to  quarters''  is 
sounded,  shall  visit  the  rooms  under  his  charge  ten  minutes 
after  such  call,  and  report  those  Cadets  who  shall  not  have 
obeyed  the  call. 

251.  No  sentinel  shall  permit  a  violation  of  the  regulations 
to  take  place  within  the  limits  of  his  post,  without  taking  proper 
measures  to  prevent  it ;  nor  shall  he  fail  in  any  case  to  call  for 
the  Corporal  of  the  Guard,  and  report  to  him  immediately  every 
such  violation  which  comes  within  his  observation  or  knowledge 
while  on  post,  and  the  name  of  every  Cadet  who,  during  his 
tour,  shall  have  been  absent  from  his  room,  in  study  hours,  lon- 
ger than  ten  minutes. 

252.  Any  Cadet  w4io  shall  neglect  his  guard  duty,  by  desert- 
ing or  sleeping  on  his  post,  or  in  any  manner  impair  the  secu- 
rity of  the  public  property,  by  the  neglect  of  the  duties  devol- 
ving upon  the  guard,  by  laws,  shall  be  dismissed  or  otherwise 
less  severely  punished. 

253.  Any  non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard  who  shall 
fail  to  post  his  relief  at  the  prescribed  hour,  or  hours,  after  taps, 
shall  be  subject  to  the  penalty  attached  to  the  neglect  of  duty 
of  a  sentinel  under  paragraph  252. 

254.  The  Sergeant  of  the  guard  shall  parade  and  inspect 
every  relief  at  the  proper  time. 


63  REGULATIONS   FOR  THE 

255.  In  all  cases  not  provided  for  in  the  foregoing  paragraphs, 
the  service  of  the  guard  shall  be  performed  as  prescribed  in  the 
general  regulations  of  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

ARRESTS. 

256  The  Superintendent  and  the  Commandant  of  Cadets  alone 
have  the  power  to  arrest  a  Cadet,  except  in  cases  of  mutiny, 
direct  disobedience  of  orders,  or  gross  disrespect  to  a  superior 
officer,  in  which  cases  offenders  may  be  arrested  ;  but  all  such 
arrests  shall  be  promptly  reported,  through  the  Commandant 
of  Cadets  to  the  Superintendent  for  his  approbation. 

257.  Every  Cadet  arrested  shall  confine  himself  forthwith  to 
his  quarters  until  released,  (unless  otherwise  specially  ordered,) 
except  when  required  to  be  absent  therefrom  for  the  perform- 
ance of  some  of  his  academic  or  military  duties,  (to  all  of  which, 
except  those  on  guard,  he  shall  strictly  attend,)  and  except  on 
a  necessary  occasion,  and  for  the  purpose  of  going  to  the  mess 
hall  for  his  meals. 

258.  Every  Cadet  charged  with  a  breach  of  arrest,  shall  be 
tried,  and  if  found  guilty,  shall  be  dismissed. 

259.  When  a  Cadet  is  confined  to  the  limits  of  Barracks, 
Camp,  or  the  Institute,  any  breach  of  such  confinement  will  sub- 
ject him  to  the  penalty  prescribed  by  paragraph  258  for  breach 
of  arrest. 

260.  When  a  Cadet  is  under  arrest  or  confinement  to  his 
room,  barracks,  camp,  or  the  Institute  grounds,  he  will  not  ap- 
ply for  any  permission  to  go  beyond  such  limits,  unless  impelled 
thereto  by  strong  emergency,  and  when  thus  impelled,  he  will 
make  personal  application  to  the  Superintendent  in  writing, 
setting  forth  in  such  application  that  he  is  under  arrest,  and 
the  reasons  for  which  he  desires  the  permission  which  he  asks. 

261.  No  general  permit  granted  to  Cadets  to  go  beyond  the 
limits  of  the  Institute,  will  be  valid  to  any  Cadet  under  arrest 
or  confinement — except  for  attendance  at  Church  in  the  morn- 
ing and  afternoon  services  on  the  Sabbath,  and  any  Cadet  who 
shall  go  beyond  the  limits  for  other  purposes,  when  vmder  arrest 


VIRGINIA  MILITARY  INSTITUTE.  63 

or  confinement  upon  such  general  permit,  will  subject  himself 
to  the  penalty  of  the  258th  paragraph. 


2G2.  The  sick  Cadets  who  remain  in  quarters,  shall  not  leave 
their  rooms,  except  for  the  purpose  of  performing  some  duty, 
or  of  taking  exercise  at  such  times  as  the  Surgeon  may  have 
prescribed,  with  the  approbation  of  the  Superintendent ;  but 
no  such  Cadet  shall,  for  any  purpose  whatever,  be  absent  from 
his  room  during  any  drill,  parade,  or  roll  call,  from  which  he 
may  have  been  excused  on  account  of  indisposition. 

263.  Every  Cadet  excused  on  account  of  sickness,  from  all 
duties,  shall  be  sent  to  the  hospital. 

264.  The  sick  in  hospital,  shall  obey  all  orders  of  the  Sur- 
geon, and  all  such  police  regulations  as  he  may  prescribe,  with 
the  approbation  of  the  Superintendent. 

265.  No  patient  shall  leave  the  hospital  without  permission 
from  the  Surgeon. 

266.  No  patient  shall  go  beyond  the  hospital  yard  without  a 
written  permission,  signed  by  the  Surgeon,  and  approved  by  the 
Superintendent. 

267.  No  Cadet  shall  go  to  the  hospital,  unless  previously  ex- 
amined and  sent  there  by  the  Surgeon. 

268.  No  Cadet  shall  visit  any  patient  in  the  hospital,  without 
a  written  permission,  signed  by  the  Surgeon  and  approved  by 
the  Superintendent. 

269.  When  a  Cadet  is  too  unwell  to  attend  to  duty,  he  will 
report  himself  in  person  to  the  Superintendent,  at  his  first  office 
hours,  and  if  he  requires  medical  advice,  he  will  forthwith  re- 
port to  the  Superintendent. 

"  COMMOXS.'' 

270.  The  Commandant  of  Cadets  is  Inspector  of  the  Com- 
mons, and  will  report  to  the  Superintendent  all  irregularities 
in  the  Hall,  and  every  infraction  of  the  mess  regulations. 

271.  The  Inspector  of  the  Commons  shall  appoint  from  the 


64  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

officers  of  the  corps,  a  Superintendent  of  the  mess-hall,  and  as 
many  assistant  Superintendents  as  he  may  deem  necessary. 

272.  The  Cadets  shall  be  divided  into  as  many  squads  as 
there  are  tables  in  the  mess-hall,  and  the  Inspector  shall  appoint 
a  first  and  second  carver  to  each  squad.  Every  carver  shall 
cause  the  regulations  to  be  observed  by  those  at  the  table  vrhere 
he  presides,  and  shall  report  all  violations  of  the  same  to  the 
Superintendent  of  the  mess-hall,  who  shall  transmit  such  re- 
ports to  the  Inspector. 

273.  At  the  signal  for  breakfast,  dinner  and  supper,  the 
squads  shall  be  formed  in  front  of  the  barracks  by  the  first  car- 
vers, acting  as  squad  marchers,  under  the  direction  of  the  Su- 
perintendent of  the  mess-hall,  who  shall  march  the  whole  to  the 
Hall. 

274.  The  second  carver  shall  act  as  squad-marcher  in  the  ab- 
sence of  the  first ;  in  other  cases,  he  shall  march  in  ranks  at  the 
head  of  his  squad. 

275.  Every  Cadet  shall  march  to  meals,  except  the  officer  of 
the  day,  and  the  senior  corporal  of  the  guard,  not  immediately 
on  duty ;  the  latter  shall  precede  the  corps  to  the  mess-hall, 
shall  report  any  Cadet  who  may  enter  the  hall  before  the  corps, 
and  shall  remain  until  the  relief  arrives. 

276.  Each  Cadet  shall  have  the  particular  place  at  the  table 
to  which  his  place  in  the  ranks  corresponds ;  such  place  shall 
not  be  changed  without  the  permission  of  the  Superintendent 
of  the  mess-hall. 

277.  All  unnecessary  talking  at  table  is  prohibited — the  car- 
vers alone  shall  call  on  the  waiters. 

278.  Wasting  or  taking  from  the  mess-hall  provisions  or  mess- 
furniture  of  any  kind,  is  strictly  forbidden. 

279.  The  Superintendent  of  the  mess-hall  shall  see  that  every 
Cadet  leaves  the  hall  at  the  command  "  Else." 

280.  The  officer  or  non-commissioned  officer,  commanding  the 
guard  of  Cadets,  shall  march  such  of  his  guard  as  have  been 
detained  on  duty  to  the  mess-hall  immediately  after  the  corps 
has  returned.     He  shall  preside  at  the  table  of  the  guard,  and 


I 


VIRGINIA   MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  65 

see  that  the  mess  regulations  are  observed,  all  violations  of 
which  he  shall  report  to  the  Inspector  of  Commons. 

281.  No  Cadet  shall  go  to  the  Commons,  or  approach  the 
building  occupied  by  the  Steward,  except  on  duty,  at  any  other 
time  or  in  any  other  manner  than  is  above  prescribed. 

282.  If  any  Cadet  shall  consider  any  article  of  the  fare  pro- 
vided at  his  table  to  be  tainted,  or  otherwise  unsuitable  for  use, 
he  may  report  the  fact  to  the  Superintendent  of  the  hall,  Avho 
shall  communicate  the  report,  (with  a  sample  of  the  provisions 
complained  of,)  to  the  Commandant  of  Cadets. 

'*  EXCUSES.'' 

283.  Any  Cadet  reported  for  a  delinquency,  and  having  a 
satisfactory  excuse,  shall  express  his  excuse  in  writing,  in  the 
form  prescribed,  and  hand  it  to  the  Commandant  of  Cadets  (to 
be  submitted  to  the  Superintendent,)  wdthin  his  first  orderly 
hour,  after  the  publication  of  the  report  on  parade.  No  excuse 
shall  be  made  by  any  Cadet  in  any  other  manner,  nor  at  any 
other  time  than  is  here  prescribed,  unless  he  is  unavoidably 
prevented  from  complying  Avith  the  above  direction,  in  which 
case  the  cause  of  delay  shall  be  annexed  to  the  excuse,  for  the 
consideration  of  the  Commandant  of  Cadets ;  but  no  such  ex- 
cuse shall  be  handed  in  at  a  later  period  than  one  week  after 
the  unavoidable  cause  of  delay  shall  have  been  removed. 

284.  Any  Cadet  who  shall  present  a  false  excuse  shall  be  dis- 
missed ;  and  any  Cadet  who  shall  present  a  disrespectful  excuse 
shall  be  punished  according  to  the  degree  of  the  ojOfence,  and 
the  report  for  which  such  excuse  shall  have  been  presented  shall 
not  be  removed. 

285.  No  Cadet  shall  address  an  Officer  or  Cadet  who  has  re- 
ported him  for  a  delinquency,  on  the  subject  of  such  report 
unless  specially  permitted  by  the  Superintendent  or  Comman- 
dant of  Cadets  ;  and  every  Officer  or  Cadet  having  made  such 
report  against  a  Cadet,  shall  hold  no  conversation  Avith  him  re- 
lating to  it,  unless  referred  to  with  the  proper  permission. 

286.  When  a  Cadet  is  reported  absent  from  quarters,  or  from 
any  duty,  he  shall  be  required  to  render  an  excuse  or  explana- 


66  REGULATIONS    FOR   THE 

tion  for  the  same,  and  when  it  is  not  stated  that  he  was  at  the 
time  in  the  Barracks,  or  within  the  Cadets'  limits,  he  will  be 
considered  as  having  been  beyond  the  said  limits,  and  liable  to 
be  punished  accordingly. 

287.  All  absences  from  quarters  at  night,  which  are  unau- 
thorized, and  without  excuse,  will  be  considered  as  involving 
special  penalty. 

288.  Appeals  to  the  Superintendent  for  a  reconsideration  of 
reports  for  delinquencies,  will  not  be  entertained  except  during 
the  week  on  which  said  reports  are  recorded,  except  in  cases 
when  it  is  impracticable  to  apply  for  a  reconsideration  within 
that  time.     Such  appeals  must  be  made  in  writing. 

289.  Cadets  having  over  175  demerit  for  the  year,  will  be 
considered  on  probation  for  the  next  year,  and  the  limits  of 
their  demerit  for  that  year  will  be  fixed  at  175.  Any  Cadet  on 
probation  exceeding  175  demerit  within  the  year,  will  be  "  ipso 
facto''  dismissed. 

290.  Any  Cadet  Officer  having  50  demerit  for  any  one  quarter, 
Avill  be  forthwith  reduced  to  the  ranks. 

291.  rOKM  OF  EXCUSE  FOR  DELINQUENCY. 

(Date) ,  18 

Report, 

Excuse, 

Eespectfidly  submitted  : 

Cadet, 

To  Commanclant  of  Cadets. 

(Endorsement  for  the  above  excuse,  on  the  reverse,  and  at 
the  top,  the  whole  not  to  extend  more  than  three  inches  below 
the  top.) 

(Date,) 

Cadet, 

Excuse, 

V 


VIRGINIA    MILITARY   INSTITUTE.  67 

All  excuses  shall  be  written  on  paper  susceptible  of  being 
tiled  to  a  uniform  size,  and  shall  ])e,  when  delivered  to  their 
address,  of  the  size  of  a  sheet  of  letter  paper,  folded  in  three 
equal  parts ;  no  such  communication  being  made  on  a  piece  of 
paper  of  a  less  size  than  one  of  sucli  parts,  or  the  one-sixth  of 
a  sheet  of  letter  paper. 

KECITATIONS. 

292.  The  class  sections  shall  assemljle  at  their  respectve  hours 
of  recitation,  in  front  of  the  barracks,  except  in  bad  weather, 
when  they  shall  assemble  in  the  lower  gallery. 

293.  Silence  and  soldier-like  deportment  are  enjoined  on  all 
Cadets  while  on  class  parade,  and  while  marching  to  and  from 
their  recitation  rooms.  No  (^adet  shall  have  his  book  open  in 
ranks. 

294.  Every  Cadet,  unless  he  be  an  Assistant  Professor,  or  ex- 
cused, shall  assemble  and  march  with  his  section. 

295.  No  Cadet  shall  go  to  his  quarters  during  the  attendance 
of  his  section  in  the  recitation  room,  unless  in  case  of  sickness, 
when  he  must  immediately  report  to  the  proper  officer. 

296.  No  Cadet  shall  leave  his  class  room  without  the  permis- 
sion of  his  instructor,  nor  shall  request  such  permission  until 
one  hour  from  his  entrance  has  elapsed,  nor  then  except  on  a 
necessary  occasion. 

297.  Every  Cadet  permitted  to  leave  the  class-room  shall  re- 
turn as  quickly  as  possible.  Any  one  who  remains  out  more 
than  ten  minutes,  shall  be  reported  by  the  Instructor  in  hig 
weekly  class  report. 

SECTION    MARCHERS. 

298.  The  Cadet  whose  name  stands  first  on  the  roll,  shall  be 
the  marcher  of  his  section. 

299.  The  marcher,  as  soon  as  the  signal  is  given,  shall  form 
his  section  at  the  place  of  assembling  in  two  ranks. 

300.  He  shall  then  call  the  roll,  and  note  eacli  absentee,  whose 
name  he  shall  give  to  the  officer  of  the  day. 

301.  He  shall  march  his  section  to  the  lectvire-room.  under  th© 

3* 


68  REGULATIONS   FOR   THE 

direction  of  the  officer  of  the  day,  in  an  orderly  and  soldier-like 
manner. 

302.  He  shall  cause  the  Cadets  of  his  Section  to  take  seats  in 
the  lecture-room  in  the  order  of  their  names  on  the  roll. 

303.  While  a  section  is  under  the  charge  of  the  marcher,  he 
shall  be  responsible,  in  the  absence  of  the  Professor,  or  Instruc- 
tor of  the  section,  for  any  injury  done  to  the  public  buildings, 
or  other  public  property,  and  for  the  good  order  of  his  section. 

304.  When  dismissed  by  the  Instructor,  he  shall  form  his  sec- 
tion as  before,  and  march  it  in  like  manner  to  the  place  where 
it  assembled,  and  there  dismiss  it. 

305.  He  shall  report  in  writing  to  the  officer  in  charge,  every 
violation  of  the  regulations  which  has  been  committed  by  any 
member  of  the  section  of  which  he  is  marcher  while  in  the  reci- 
tation-room, or  while  marching  to  or  from  it. 

306.  Whenever  a  marcher  is  not  present  with  his  section,  the 
next  highest  on  the  roll  shall  perform  the  duties  of  marcher  and 
shall  be  obeyed  as  such. 

INSTRUCTORS. 

307.  Every  Instructor  shall  note  in  his  weekly  class  report 
the  name  of  each  Cadet  of  the  section  under  his  immediate 
charge,  who  has  been  delinquent,  with  the  time  and  description 
of  his  offence. 

308.  He  will  also  state  in  his  report,  the  progress  made  dur- 
ing the  week  by  his  section,  and  the  particular  subject  on  which 
it  has  been  engaged. 

309.  He  will  hand  his  weekly  report  to  the  Superintendent 
on  Friday,  between  4  and  4J  P.  M. 

310.  The  Assistant  Professors  shall  present  their  class  reports 
to  their  respective  Principal  Professors,  by  whom  they  shall  be 
transmitted  to  the  Superintendent. 

311.  No  instructor  will  dismiss  his  section  before  the  proper 
signal  is  made  without  mentioning  the  same,  with  his  reasons 
for  so  doing  on  his  weekly  report,  nor  shall  he  detain  his  sec- 
tion after  the  signal  to  dismiss  it  has  been  sounded. 


VIRGINIA  MILITARY  INSTITUTE.  69 

SOCIETIES,   &C. 

312.  No  Society  shall  be  organized  among  the  Cadets  without 
a  special  license  from  the  Superintendent ;  nor  shall  any  assem- 
bly of  Cadets  be  held  for  this  or  any  other  purpose,  without  his 
express  permission,  promulgated  in  orders. 

TEMPORARY  REGULATION. 

313.  The  Superintendent  is  authorized  to  prescribe  tempora- 
rily such  regulations  of  discipline  or  police  as  may  be  omitted 
and  experience  may  show  to  be  necessary,  which  shall  be  re- 
ported to  the  Board  of  Visitors  at  its  next  meeting,  and  when 
approved  by  them,  shall  be  permanent. 

COMPLIMENTS. 

314.  Cadets  shall  at  all  times  salute  all  the  officers  of  the  In- 
stitute whether  in  uniform  or  not,  the  Governor  of  the  State, 
and  the  members  of  the  Board  of  Visitors. 

''order  or   ATTENDING   CHURCHES.^^ 

315.  The  Cadets  will  be  marched  to  Church  every  Sunday 
morning,  (weather  permitting,)  and  will  attend  the  several 
churches  in  the  following  order : 

A.  Company.        B.  Company. 
1st  Sunday  in  the  month,  Presbyterian.      Baptist. 

2nd.       ''         ''  "  Episcopal.  Presbyterian. 

3d.         "         "  "  Baptist.  Methodist. 

4th.        "         *'  ''  Methodist.  Episcopal. 

5th.  "  at  the  discretion  of  the  officers  commanding  compa- 
nies. The  staff  will  always  attend  one  of  the  churches  attend- 
ed by  the  companies. 

316.  As  no  preference  is  given  to  any  religious  sect  or  denom- 
ination in  the  Institute,  officers  commanding  companies  vdll  be 
held  accountable  for  their  faithful  compliance  with  the  order 
in  paragraph  315 — that  the  principle  of  the  Institution  may  not 
be  violated  by  their  neglect  or  caprice. 


70  VIRGINIA  MILITARY   INSTITUTE. 

RESPONSIBILITY  OF  CADETS  ON  LEAVES  OF  ABSENCE,    &C. 

317.  Cadets,  on  leaves  of  absence,  are  not  exempted  from  a 
conformity  to  all  those  regulations  which  prescribe  propriety  of 
conduct  on  the  part  of  a  Cadet,  but  will  in  all  cases  be  liable  to 
punishment  according  to  the  nature  of  the  offence. 

318.  Should  the  Superintendent  have  cause  to  know  that  the 
conduct  of  any  Cadet,  while  on  leave  of  absence,  has  been 
grossly  immoral  or  improper,  he  will  immediately  notify  the 
parent  or  guardian  of  such  Cadet,  of  the  same,  to  the  end  that 
he  do  not  return  to  the  Institute. 

319.  A  Cadet  on  leave  of  absence  will  report  for  duty  by 
*•  guard  mounting'^  on  the  morning  after  the  date  on  which  his 
leave  expires. 

320.  No  Cadet  on  leave  of  absence  shall  remain  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  Institute,  (except  when  the  parent  or  guardian  resides 
there,)  unless  specially  authorized  to  do  so. 

321.  A  Cadet  returning  from  leave  of  absence  before  said 
leave  has  expired,  will  report  for  duty  by  "guard  mounting'^ 
on  the  morning  after  his  return. 

REGULATIONS. 

322.  A  copy  of  these  Regulations  will  be  deposited  in  each 
room  of  the  Barracks,  for  the  safe  keeping  of  which  the  Orderly 
will  be  held  responsible,  and  it  is  made  the  duty  of  the  Inspec- 
tor of  Divisions  and  Commandant  of  Cadets,  to  see  that  this 
regulation  is  complied  with. 


APPENDIX. 


EXTRACTS 


GENERAL  REGLLATMS  OF  THE  ARMY 

OF    THE 

UNITED    STATES. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  GENERAL  REGULA- 
TIONS FOR  THE  ARMY. 


ARTICLE   XXXVI. 

DAILY   DETAILS   AND   DUTIES. 

384.  The  daily  duties  must  be  announced  in  orders,  and  the 
officers  to  perform  it  are  to  be  detailed  according  to  the  rules  of 
the  roster. 

385.  The  number  and  rank  of  the  officers  for  daily  duty,  are 
to  be  regulated  by  the  strength  and  circumstances  of  the  camp 
or  garrison. 

386.  Independently  of  the  officers  detailed  for  guard  duty, 
the  officers  for  daily  duty  will  be  as  follows : 

387.  In  large  camps  there  will  be  a  general  officer  of  tlie  day 
for  each  division  ;  a  field  officer  of  the  day  for  each  brigade  ;  a 
Captain  of  the  day  for  each  regiment ;  and  such  general  and 
regimental  staff"  officers  of  the  day  as  may  be  necessary  to  at- 
tend to  the  various  details,  and  to  receive  and  execute  orders, 
according  to  their  respective  stations.  In  every  regiment  and 
garrison,  besides  the  officer  of  the  day,  there  will  be  detailed 
daily,  if  the  strength  of  the  garrison  will  permit,  a  subaltern, 
four  non-commissioned  officers,  a  drummer  and  such  fatigue 
parties  as  circumstances  may  require  for  the  police  of  regiment 
or  garrison.  In  small  commands,  subalterns  may  be  detailed 
for  duty  as  officers  of  the  day,  and  they  will  also  discharge  the 


74  EXTRACTS    FROM    THE 

duties  of  officers  of  police.     The  officers  thus  detailed  are  to 
remain  in  camp  or  garrison  during  their  tours  of  duty. 

388.  The  General  of  the  day  is  to  superintend  the  regularity 
and  discipline  of  the  camp  in  every  particular ;  he  is  to  visit 
the  guards  of  the  camps  and  the  outposts :  he  is  to  call  out  and 
inspect  the  inlying  pickets  as  often  and  at  such  times  as  he 
thinks  proper  ;  he  is  to  receive  all  reports  in  camp,  and  make 
immediate  communication  of  any  extraordinary  circumstance 
to  the  General-in-Chief. 

389.  The  Field  Officer  of  the  day  has  the  immediate  superih- 
tendancc  of  the  camp  of  the  brigade ;  he  is  to  be  present  at  the 
mounting  and  dismounting  of  all  the  brigade  guard,  particu- 
larly of  the  inlying  pickets  wliich  arc  always  considered  under 
his  command ;  he  is  to  call  them  out  to  inspect  them,  to  order 
such  patrols  from  them  as  he  may  judge  necessary  to  insure  the 
regularity  and  order  of  the  camp :  and  in  the  event  of  the  in- 
lying pickets  being  ordered  to  march  lie  is  to  march  with  them. 

390.  The  Captain  or  Suhaltern  of  the  day,  of  each  regiment, 
superintends  the  cleanliness  and  regularity  of  the  camp  or 
quarters  of  the  regiment ;  he  attends  the  parading  of  all  regi- 
mental guards,  and  orders  the  roll  to  be  called  frequently,  and 
at  unexpected  periods,  and  reports  every  thing  extraordinary  to 
the  commanding  officer ;  he  is  to  visit  the  hospital  at  various 
hours,  and  make  a  report  of  its  state  to  the  commanding  officer 
of  the  regiment  or  garrison. 

391.  The  Adjutant  of  the  day,  of  the  brigade,  is  to  assist  the 
general  staff  officer  of  the  day  in  the  various  details  of  it,  and, 
in  his  absence,  to  perform  his  duty  as  such  and  attend  for  or- 
ders at  head  quarters. 

392.  The  officer  of  police,  under  the  direction  of  the  officer 
of  the  day,  is  to  make  a  general  inspection  into  the  cleanliness 
of  the  camp  or  garrison. 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.      75 

ARTICLE   XXXVII, 

"honors  to  be  paid  by  the  troops/^ 

395.  The  President  is  to  be  saluted  with  the  highest  honors — 
all  standards  and  colours  dropping,  officers  saluting  arms,  beat- 
ing and  trumpets  sounding. 

396.  The  same  compliments  will  be  paid  to  the  Vice-President. 

397.  A  Major  General  commandi7ig-in-cJiief,  is  to  be  received 
by  cavalry,  with  swords  drawn,  trumpets  sounding  the  march, 
and  all  the  officers  saluting,  standards  dropping  :  by  infantry, 
with  drums  beating  the  march,  colors  dropping,  officers  saluting, 
and  arms  presented. 

398.  A  Major  General  is  to  be  received,  by  cavalry,  with 
swords  drawn,  trumpets  sounding  twice  the  trumpet  flourish, 
and  officers  saluting ;  by  infantry  with  three  ruffles,  colors  drop- 
ping, officers  saluting,  and  arms  presented. 

399.  A  Brigadier  General  is  to  be  received,  by  cavalry,  with 
swords  drawn,  trumpets  sounding  once  the  trumpet  flourish, 
and  officers  saluting ;  by  infantry,  with  two  ruffles,  colors  drop- 
ping, officers  saluting,  and  arms  presented. 

400.  An  Adjutant  General,  or  Inspector  General,  if  under  the 
rank  of  a  general  officer,  is  to  be  received  at  a  review,  or  in- 
spection of  the  troops  under  arms — by  cavalry,  with  swords 
drawn,  officers  saluting ;  by  infantry,  officers  saluting,  and  arms 
presented.  The  same  honors  to  be  paid  to  any  field  officer,  au- 
thorized to  review  and  inspect  the  troops.  When  the  inspecting 
officer  is  junicr  in  rank  to  the  officer  on  the  parade,  and  in  the 
command  of  the  troops  to  be  inspected,  no  compliments  will  be 
paid :  he  will  be  received  only  with  swords  drawn  and  arms 
shouldered. 

401.  All  guards  are  to  turn  out  and  present  arms  to  general 
officers  as  often  as  they  pass  them,  except  the  personal  guards 
of  general  officers,  which  turn  out  only  to  the  Generals  whose 
guards  they  are,  and  to  officers  of  superior  rank. 

402.  To  Colonels,  the  guards  of  their  own  regiments  turn  out 
and  present  arms  once  a  day  ;  after  which,  they  turn  out  with 
shouldered  arms. 

4 


76  EXTRACTS  FROM  THE 

403.  To  Lieutenant  Colonels  and  Majors,  their  own  guards 
turn  out  with  shouldered  arms  once  a  day ;  at  other  times  with 
ordered  arms, 

404.  When  the  command  of  a  regiment  devolves  on  a  Lieu- 
tenant Colonel,  or  Major,  the  regimental  guards  will  pay  him 
the  same  compliment  as  is  ordered  for  the  Colonel. 

405.  Officers  in  command  of  forts  or  garrison,  have  a  right  to 
the  complimentary  honors  from  the  troops  under  their  com- 
mand, which  are  due  to  the  rank,  one  degree  higher  than  the 
rank  they  actually  hold  in  the  line  of  the  army. 

406.  To  the  Secretary  of  State,  Treasury,  War,  and  Navy  De- 
partments, and  other  memhers  of  the  Cabinet,  to  the  Chief  Jus- 
tice, the  President  pro.  tempore  of  the  Senate,  and  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States :  and  to  Govern- 
ors loithin  their  respective  States  and  Territories,  the  same  honors 
will  be  paid  as  are  specified  for  a  Major  General  commanding- 
in-chief. 

407.  Officers  helongijig  to  any  foreign  service,  who  may  call 
at  any  camp  or  garrison,  by  invitation  from  the  commander  of 
the  camp  or  garrison,  may  be  complimented  with  the  honors 
due  to  their  rank  or  quality. 

408.  American  and  Foreign  Envoys  or  Ministers  will  be  re- 
ceived with  the  compliments  due  to  a  Major  General. 

409.  The  colors  of  a  regiment  passing  a  guard,  are  to  be  sa- 
luted with  the  utmost  respect — the  trumpet  sounding,  and  the 
drums  beating  a  march. 

410.  Where  two  regiments  meet  on  their  march,  the  regi- 
ment inferior  in  rank  is  to  halt,  and  form  in  parade  order,  and 
salute  the  other  regiment,  which  proceeds  on  its  march,  with 
swords  drawn  and  bayonets  fixed,  trumpets  sounding  or  drums 
beating,  standards  or  colors  flying  until  it  has  cleared  the  front 
of  the  regiment  which  has  halted. 

411.  Where  guards  present  their  arms,  the  officers,  on  all  oc- 
casions, salute  with  their  swords. 

412.  Where  General  officers,  or  persons  entitled  to  salute,  pass 
in  the  rear  of  a  guard,  the  officer  is  only  to  make  his  men  stand 
shouldered,  and  not  to  face  his  guard  about,  or  beat  his  drum. 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.      77 

413.  Where  General  oflSicers,  or  persons  entitled  to  a  salute, 
pass  guards,  while  in  the  act  of  relieving,  both  guards  are  to 
salute,  receiving  the  word  of  command  from  the  senior  officer 
of  the  whole. 

414.  All  guards  are  to  be  under  arms  when  armed  parties 
approach  their  posts :  and  to  parties  commanded  by  commis- 
sioned officers,  they  are  to  present  their  arms,  drums  beating  a 
march,  and  officers  saluting. 

415.  No  compliments  by  guards  or  sentinels  will  be  paid  be- 
tween retreat  and  reveille,  except  as  prescribed  for  grand  rounds. 

416.  All  guards  and  sentinels  are  to  pay  the  same  compli- 
ments to  the  officers  of  the  navy,  marines  and  militia  in  the 
service  of  the  United  States,  as  are  directed  to  be  paid  to  the 
officers  of  the  army,  according  to  their  relative  ranks. 

417.  It  is  equally  the  duty  of  non-commissioned  officers  and 
soldiers,  at  all  times  and  in  all  situations  to  pay  the  proper  com- 
pliments to  officers  of  the  navy  and  marines,  and  to  officers 
of  other  regiments,  when  in  uniform,  as  to  officers  of  their  own 
particular  regiments  and  corps. 

418.  Courtesy  among  military  men  is  indispensable  to  discip- 
line. The  good  or  the  brave  officer  or  soldier  is  always  respect- 
ful towards  superiors.  His  respect  will  not  be  confined  to  mar- 
tial obedience,  but  will  be  extended  to  other  occasions.  Thus 
it  is  always  the  duty  of  the  inferior  to  accost  or  to  offer  first, 
the  customary  salutation,  and  of  the  superior  to  return  such 
complimentary  notice. 

419.  Sergeants  with  swords  drawn,  will  salute  by  bringing 
them  to  a  recover, — with  muskets,  by  bringing  the  left-hand 
across  the  body,  so  as  to  strike  the  musket  near  the  right  shoul- 
der. Corporals  out  of  the  ranks  will  carry  their  muskets  at  a 
shoulder  as  Sergeants,  and  salute  in  like  manner. 

420.  When  a  soldier  without  arms,  or  with  side  arms  only, 
meets  an  officer,  he  will  continue  to  move  on,  but  he  is  to  raise 
his  hand  to  his  cap,  looking  at  the  same  time  in  a  respectful  and 
soldier  like  manner  at  the  officer,  who  will  make  a  suitable 
acknowledgement  to  the  compliment  thus  offered. 

421.  A  non-commissioned  officer  or  soldier  being  seated  and 


78  EXTRACTS   FROM  THE 

without  particular  occupation,  will  rise  on  the  approach  of  an 
officer,  and  make  the  customary  salutation.  If  standing,  it 
would  be  proper  to  turn  towards  the  officer  for  the  same  pur- 
pose. If  the  parties  remain  in  the  same  place  or  on  the  same 
ground,  such  compliments  would  not  in  general  be  repeated. 

"  SALUTES.^' 

422.  The  national  salute  is  determined  by  the  number  of 
States  composing  the  Union,  at  the  rate  of  one  gun  for  each 
State. 

423.  The  President  of  the  United  States  alone  is  to  receive  a 
salute  of  twenty-one  guns. 

424.  The  Vice  President  is  to  receive  a  salute  of  seventeen 
guns. 

425.  The  Heads  of  tlie  great  Executive  Departments  of  the  Na- 
tional Government ;  the  Major  General  commanding  the  army ; 
the  Governo7's  of  States  and  Territories  within  their  respective 
jurisdictions  fifteen  guns. 

426.  A  Major  General,  thirteen  guns. 

427.  A  Brigadier  General,  eleven  guns. 

428.  Foreign  Ships  of  War  will  be  saluted  in  return  for  a 
similar  compliment,  gun  for  gun,  on  notice  being  officially  re- 
ceived of  such  intention.  If  there  be  several  posts  in  sight  of, 
or  within  six  miles  of  each  other,  the  principal  only  shall  re- 
ciprocate compliments  with  ships  passing. 

429.  Officers  of  the  navy  will  be  saluted  according  to  relative 
rank. 

430.  Foreign  officers  invited  to  visit  a  fort  or  post,  may  be 
saluted  according  to  their  relative  rank. 

431.  Envoys  and  Ministers  of  the  United  States  and  foreign 
powers  are  to  be  saluted  with  thirteen  guns. 

432.  All  officers  of  the  army  having  rank  above  that  of  Colo- 
nel, whether  of  the  line  or  staff,  by  brevet  or  otherwise,  will  be 
complimented,  on  official  visits,  by  salutes  according  to  their 
highest  rank  ;  provided  they  be  senior  to  the  officer  in  command 
where  the  visit  is  made. 

-133.  A  General  officer  will  be  saluted  but  once  in  a  year  at 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS   FOR   THE   ARMY.  79 

each  post,  and  only  when  notice  of  his  intention  to  visit  the 
post  has  been  given. 

434.  Salutes  to  individuals  are  to  be  fired  on  their  arrival 
only, 

435.  A  national  salute  will  be  fired  at  meridian,  on  the  anni- 
versary of  the  Independence  of  the  United  States,  at  each  mili- 
tary post  and  camp. 

ESCORTS  OF  HONOR. 

436.  Escorts  of  honor  may  be  composed  of  cavalry  or  infan- 
try, or  both,  according  to  circumstances.  They  are  guards  of 
honor,  for  the  purpose  of  receiving  and  escorting  personages  of 
high  rank,  civil  or  military.  The  troops  for  this  purpose  will 
be  selected  for  their  soldierly  appearance  and  superior  dis- 
cipline. 

437.  The  manner  of  receiving  and  escorting  the  personage  is 
as  follows: 

438.  The  escort  will  be  drawn  up  in  line,  the  centre  opposite 
to  the  place  where  the  personage  presents  himself  with  an  in- 
terval between  the  wings  to  receive  the  personage  and  his  reti- 
nue. On  his  appearance  he  will  be  received  with  the  honors 
due  to  his  rank.  When  he  has  taken  his  place  in  the  line,  the 
whole  will  be  wheeled  into  platoons  or  companies,  as  the  case 
may  be,  and  take  up  the  march.  The  same  ceremony  will  be 
observed,  and  the  same  honors  paid  on  his  leaving  the  escort. 

439.  When  the  position  of  the  escort  is  at  a  considerable  dis- 
tance from  the  point  where  the  personage  is  expected  to  be  re- 
ceived, as  for  instance  where  a  court-yard  or  wharf  intervenes,  a 
double  line  of  sentinels  will  be  posted  from  that  point  to  the  es- 
cort, facing  inwards,  and  the  sentinels  will  successively  salute 
as  the  personage  passes. 

440.  An  officer  will  be  appointed  to  attend  the  personage  es- 
corted, to  bear  such  communications  as  he  may  have  to  make  to 
the  commander  of  the  escort. 

FUNERAL  HONORS. 

441.  On  the  receipt  of  official  intelligence  of  the  death  of  the 


80  EXTRACTS   FROM  THE 

President  of  the  United  States,  at  any  post  or  camp  the  com- 
manding officer  shall,  on  the  following  day,  cause  a  gun  to  be 
fired  at  every  half  hour,  beginning  at  sunrise  and  ending  at  sun- 
set. When  posts  are  contiguous,  the  firing  will  take  place  at 
the  post  only  commanded  by  the  superior  officer. 

442.  On  the  day  of  the  interment  of  a  Major  General  com- 
manding in  chief,  a  gun  will  be  fired  at  every  half  hour,  until 
the  procession  moves,  beginning  at  sunrise. 

443.  The  funeral  escort  of  a  Major  General  commanding-in- 
chief  shall  consist  of  a  regiment  of  infantry,  a  squadron  of  cav- 
alry, and  six  pieces  of  artillery. 

444.  That  of  a  Major  General,  a  regiment  of  infantry,  a  squad- 
ron of  cavalry,  and  four  pieces  of  artillery. 

445.  That  of  a  Brigadier  General,  a  regiment  of  infantry,  one 
company  of  cavalry,  and  two  pieces  of  artillery. 

446.  That  of  a  Colonel,  a  regiment. 

447.  That  of  a  Lieutenant  Colonel,  sis  companies. 

448.  That  of  a  Major,  four  companies. 

449.  That  of  a  Captain,  one  company. 

450.  That  of  a  Subaltern,  half  a  company. 

451.  The  funeral  escort  shall  always  be  commanded  by  an 
officer  of  the  same  rank  with  the  deceased,  or  if  none  such  be 
present,  by  one  of  the  next  inferior  grade. 

452.  The  funeral  escort  of  a  non-commissioned  staff  officer, 
shall  consist  of  sixteen  rank  and  file,  commanded  by  a  Sergeant. 

453.  That  of  a  Sergeant,  of  fourteen  rank  and  file,  commanded 
by  a  Sergeant. 

454.  That  of  a  Corporal,  of  twelve  rank  and  file,  commanded 
by  a  Corporal ;  and 

455.  That  of  a  private,  of  eight  rank  and  file,  commanded  by 
a  Corporal. 

456.  The  escort  will  be  formed  in  two  ranks,  opposite  to  the 
quarters  or  tent  of  deceased,  with  shouldered  arms  and  bayonets 
fixed,  the  artillery  and  cavalry  on  the  right  of  the  infantry. 

457.  On  the  appearance  of  the  corpse  the  officer  commanding 
the  escort  will  command, 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.      81 

Present — Arms  ! 

when  the  honors  due  to  the  deceased  will  be  paid  by  the  drums 
and  trumpets.  The  music  will  then  play  an  appropriate  air, 
and  the  coffin  will  then  be  taken  to  the  right,  where  it  will  be 
halted.     The  commander  will  next  order, 

1.  Shoulder — Arms!     2.  By  company,  [or  platoon,)  left  iclieel. 
3.  March  !    4.   Column  forivard.    5.   Guide  rigid.    6.  March. 

458.  The  column  will  be  marched,  in  common  time,  to  appro- 
priate music  ;  and  on  reaching  the  grave,  will  take  a  direction 
so  as  that  the  guides  shall  be  next  to  the  grave.  When  the 
centre  of  the  column  is  opposite  the  grave,  the  commander  will 
order, 

1.  Column.    2.  Halt  !     3.  Right  into  line,  wheel.    4.  March  ! 

The  coffin  is  then  brought  along  the  front  to  the  opposite  aide 
of  the  grave,  and  the  commander  than  orders. 

Present — Arms  ! 

And  when  the  coffin  reaches  the  grave,  he  adds, 

1.  Shoulder — Arms  !     2.    Order — Arms  !     3.   Parade — Rest  ! 

459.  After  the  funeral  service  is  performed  and  the  coffin  is 
lowered  into  the  grave,  the  commander  will  order, 

1,  Attention,  company  I    2.  Shoidder — Arms!    Z.  Load  at  will. 
4.  Load! 

When  three  rounds  of  small  arms  will  be  fired  by  the  escort, 
taking  care  to  elevate  the  pieces. 

460.  This  being  done,  the  commander  will  order, 

1.  By  company,  [or  platoon,)  right  wheel.    2.  March!     3.   Col- 
nmn  forward.    4.  Guide  left.    5.  Quick  March  ! 

The  music  will  not  begin  to  play  until  the  escort  is  clear  of 
the  enclosure. 


82  EXTRACTS    FROM   THE 

461.  The  pall-bearers,  six  in  number,  will  be  selected  from 
tlie  grade  of  the  deceased,  or  from  the  grade  or  grades  next 
above  or  below  it. 

462.  At  the  funeral  of  an  ofiicer,  as  many  in  commission,  of 
the  army,  division,  brigade,  or  regiment,  according  to  the  rank 
of  the  deceased,  as  can  conveniently  be  spared  from  other  duties, 
will  join  in  procession  in  imiform  and  with  side  arms.  The 
funeral  of  a  non-commissioned  officer  or  private  will  be  attended 
in  like  manner,  by  the  non-commissioned  officers  or  privates  of 
the  regiment  or  company,  according  to  the  rank  of  the  deceased, 
with  side  arms  only. 

463.  Persons  joining  in  the  procession,  follow  the  coffin  in  the 
inverse  order  of  their  rank. 

464.  The  usual  badge  of  military  mourning  is  a  piece  of  black 
crape  around  the  left  arm,  and  also  upon  the  sword  hilt ;  and 
will  be  worn  when  in  full  or  in  undress. 

465.  As  family  mourning,  crape  will  be  worn  by  officers, 
(when  in  uniform)  only  around  the  left  arm. 

466.  The  drums  of  a  funeral  escort  will  be  covered  with  black 
crape  or  thin  black  serge. 

467.  Funeral  honors  will  be  paid  to  deceased  officers,  without 
military  rank,  according  to  their  assimilated  grades. 


ARTICLE   XXXVIII. 

INSPECTIONS  OF   THE   TROOPS. 

468.  The  inspection  of  troops  as  a  division,  regiment,  or  other 
body  composing  a  garrison  or  command,  not  less  than  a  com- 
pany, will  generally  be  preceded  by  a  review. 

469.  There  will  be  certain  periodical  inspections,  to  wit : — 

1.  The  commanders  of  regiments  and  posts  will  make  an  in- 
spection of  their  commands  on  the  last  day  of  every  month. 

2.  Captains  will  inspect  their  companies  every  Sunday  morn- 
ing ;  and  Lieutenants  will  inspect  their  squads  every  Wednes- 
day morning. 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.      83 

3.  Medical  officers  having  charge  of  hospitals,  will  also  make 
a  thorough  inspection  of  them  every  Sunday  morning. 

4.  Inspection  when  troops  are  mustered  for  payment. 

470.  Besides  these  inspections,  frequent  visits  will  be  made 
by  the  commanding  officer,  company,  and  medical  officers,  during 
the  month,  to  the  men's  quarters,  the  hospital,  guard  house,  &c. 

FORM    OF   INSPECTION. 

471.  The  present  example  embraces  a  battalion  of  infantry. 
The  inspecting  officer,  and  the  field  officers  and  staff  officers,  will 
be  on  foot. 

472.  The  battalion  being  in  the  order  of  battle,  the  Colonel 
will  cause  it  to  break  into  open  column  of  companies,  right  in 
front.  He  will  next  order  the  ranks  to  be  opened,  when  the 
color-rank  and  color-guard,  under  the  direction  of  the  Adjutant, 
will  take  post  ten  paces  in  front,  and  the  band  ten  paces  in  rear 
of  the  column. 

473.  The  Colonel  seeing  the  ranks  aligned  will  command, 

1.   Officers  and  Sergeants,    2.  To  tlie  front  of  your  companies, 
3.  March! 

The  officers  will  form  themselves  in  one  rank,  eight  paces,  and 
the  non-commissioned  officers  in  one  rank,  six  paces,  in  ad- 
vance, along  the  whole  fronts  of  their  respective  companies,  from 
right  to  left,  in  the  order  of  seniority ;  the  pioneers  and  music 
of  each  company  in  one  rank  two  paces  behind  the  non-com- 
missioned officers. 

474.  The  Colonel  will  next  command, 

1.  Field  and  staff,    2.  To  tlie  front — March  I 

The  commissioned  officers  thus  designated  will  form  themselves 
in  one  rank,  six  paces  in  front  of  the  colors,  from  right  to  left, 
in  the  order  of  seniority ;  and  the  non-commissioned  staff,  in  a 
similar  manner,  two  paces  in  rear  of  the  preceding  rank.  The 
Colonel  seeing  the  movement  executed,  will  take  post  on  the 
right  of  the  Lieutenant-Colonel,  and  wait  the  approach  of  the 


84  EXTRACTS    FROM   THE 

inspecting  officer.  But  such  of  the  field  officers  as  may  be  su- 
perior in  rank  to  the  inspector  will  not  take  post  in  front  of  the 
battalion. 

475.  The  inspection  will  commence  in  front.  After  inspect- 
ing the  dress  and  general  appearance  of  the  field,  and  commis- 
sioned staff  under  arms,  the  Inspector,  accompanied  by  these 
officers,  will  pass  down  the  open  column,  looking  at  every  rank 
in  front  and  rear. 

476.  The  Colonel  will  now  command, 

1.   Order  arms.    2.  Rest  ! 

when  the  Inspector  will  proceed  to  make  a  minute  inspection 
of  the  several  ranks  or  divisions,  in  succession,  commencing  in 
front. 

477.  As  the  Inspector  approaches  the  non-commissioned  staff, 
color-rank,  the  color-guard  and  the  band,  the  Adjutant  will  give 
the  necessary  orders  for  the  inspection  of  arms,  boxes  and  knap- 
sacks. The  colors  will  be  planted  firm  in  the  ground,  to  enable 
the  color  bearers  to  display  the  contents  of  their  knapsacks. 
The  non-commissioned  staff  may  be  dismissed  as  soon  as  in- 
spected ;  but  the  color-rank  and  color-guard  will  remain  until 
the  colors  are  to  be  escorted  to  the  place  from  which  they  were 
taken. 

478.  As  the  Inspector  successively  approaches  the  compa- 
nies, the  Captains  will  command, 

1.  Attention,    2.  Company.    3.  Inspection  of  arms. 

The  inspecting  officer  will  then  go  through  the  whole  company 
and  minutely  inspect  the  arms,  accoutrements,  and  dress  of 
each  soldier.     After  this  is  done,  the  Captain  will  command, 

Open — Boxes  ! 
when  the  ammunition  and  the  boxes  will  be  examined. 


GENERAL   REGULATIONS    FOR  THE   ARMY.  85 

479.  The  Captain  will  then  command, 

1.  Shoulder  Arms  !  6.  To  the  rear,  open  order. 

2.  Close  order.  7.  March  ! 

3.  March!  8.  Front  ranli,  about  face, 

4.  Order — Arms  !  9.   TInsling  Imapsachs. 

5.  Stack — Arms  !  10.   Open  knapsacks. 

480.  The  Sergeants  will  face  inward  and  close  upon  the  cen- 
tre at  the  2d  and  3d  commands,  and  will  stack  their  arms  at  the 
5th  command  ;  at  the  6th  and  7th  commands,  they  will  face  out- 
ward, and  resume  their  positions.  AYhen  the  ranks  are  closed, 
preparatory  to  take  arms,  the  Sergeants  will  also  close  upon 
the  centre,  and  at  the  word,  take  their  arms,  and  resume  their 
places. 

481.  The  knapsacks  will  be  placed  at  the  feet  of  the  men,  the 
flaps  from'  them,  with  the  great  coats  on  the  flaps,  and  the 
knapsacks  leaning  on  the  great  coats.  In  this  position  the  In- 
spector will  examine  their  contents,  or  so  many  of  them  as  he 
may  think  necessary,  commencing  with  the  non-commissioned 
officers,  the  men  standing  at  attention. 

482.  When  the  Inspector  has  passed  through  the  company, 
the  captain  will  command. 

Repack — Knapsacks. 
when  each  soldier  will  repack,  and  buckle  up  his  knapsack, 
leaving  it  on  the  ground,  the  number  upwards,  turned  from  him, 
and  then  stand  at  rest. 

483.  The  Captain  will  then  command, 

1.  Attention.    2.  Company.    3  Sling — Knapsacks. 

At  the  word  sling,  each  soldier  will  take  his  knapsack,  holding 
it  by  the  inner  straps,  and  stand  erect ;  at  the  last  word,  he  will 
replace  it  on  his  back.     The  Captain  will  continue, 

4.  Front  rank,  about  face !    8.  Shoulder — Arms! 

5.  Close  order.  9.  Officers  and  Sergeants,  to 

6.  March!  your  posts. 

7.  TQke—km%\  10.  March! 


50  EXTRACTS    PROM   THE 

and  will  cause  the  company  to  file  off  to  their  tents  or  quarters 
except  the  company  that  is  to  re-escort  the  colors,  which  will 
await  the  further  orders  of  the  Colonel. 

484.  In  an  extensive  column,  some  of  the  rearmost  companies 
may,  after  the  inspection  of  dress,  and  general  appearance  be 
permitted  to  stack  arms,  until  just  before  the  Inspector  ap- 
proaches them,  when  they  will  be  directed  to  take  arms  and  re- 
sume their  position. 

485.  The  inspection  of  the  troops  being  ended,  the  field  and 
staff  will  next  accompany  the  Inspector  to  the  hospital,  maga- 
zine, arsenal,  quarters,  sutler's  shop,  guard  house,  and  such 
other  places  as  he  may  think  proper  to  inspect.  The  captains 
and  subalterns  will  precede  him  in  his  visits  to  their  companies 
and  sections  respectively. 

486.  The  hospital  being  at  all  times  an  object  of  particular 
interest,  it  will  be  critically  and  minutely  inspected. 

487.  The  men  will  be  formed  in  the  company  quarters  in 
front  of  their  respective  bunks,  and  on  the  entrance  of  the  In- 
spector the  word  AUention !  will  be  given  by  the  senior  non- 
commissioned officer  present,  when  the  whole  will  salute  with 
the  hand,  without  uncovering. 

488.  The  Inspector  will  examine  the  general  arrangement  of 
the  interior  of  the  quarters,  the  bunks,  bedding,  cooking  and 
table  utensils,  and  such  other  objects  as  may  present  themselves ; 
and  afterwards  the  exterior. 

489.  The  Adjutant  will  exhibit  to  the  Inspector  the  regimen- 
tal books  and  papers,  including  those  relating  to  the  transac- 
tions of  the  Council  of  Administrations.  The  company  books, 
and  papers  will  also  be  exhibited,  the  whole  together,  generally 
at  the  Adjutant's  office,  and  in  the  presence  of  the  officers  not 
otherwise  particularly  engaged. 

490.  The  inspection  of  cavalry  and  artillery  will  conform  to 
the  principles  laid  down  in  the  foregoing  paragraphs,  regard 
being  had  to  the  system  of  instruction  for  those  arms  of  service 
respectively. 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS   FOR   THE   ARMY.  87 

ARTICLE    XL. 

FORMS   OF   PARADE. 

500.  On  all  parades  of  ceremony,  such  as  Reviews,  Guard- 
mounting,  at  Troop  or  Retreat  parades,  instead  of  the  word 
"i?e5f/^  which  allows  the  men  to  move  or  change  the  position  of 
their  bodies,  the  command  will  be,  "  Parade — Rest  V^  At  the 
last  word  of  this  command,  the  soldier  will  carry  the  right  foot 
six  inches  in  rear  of  the  left  heel,  the  left  knee  slightly  bent, 
the  body  upright  upon  the  right  leg  ;  the  musket  resting  against 
the  hollow  of  the  right  shoulder,  the  hands  crossed  in  front,  the 
backs  of  them  outward,  and  the  left  hand  uppermost.  At  the 
word  "  Attention  V'  the  soldier  will  resume  the  correct  position 
at  ordered  arms.  In  the  positions  here  indicated,  the  soldier 
will  remain  silent  and  motionless ;  and  it  is  particularly  en- 
joined upon  all  officers  to  cause  the  commands  above  given,  on 
the  part  of  the  soldier,  to  be  executed  with  great  briskness  and 
spirit. 

501.  Officers  on  all  duties  under  arms,  are  to  have  their  swords 
dravm,  without  waiting  for  any  words  of  command  for  that 
purpose. 

"  I.    dress  parade.'^ 

502.  There  shall  be  daily  at  least  one  dress  parade,  which  may 
be  at  troop  or  retreat,  as  the  commanding  officer  may  direct,  or  at 
both  beats  should  he  think  proper  so  to  order. 

The  parade  at  troop  will  be  termed  the  morning  parade,  and 
that  at  retreat,  the  evening  parade.  In  either  case  it  will  be  con- 
ducted as  follows : 

503.  A  signal  will  be  beat,  or  sounded,  half  an  hour  before 
troop  or  retreat,  for  the  music  to  assemble  on  the  regimental 
parade.  At  the  same  time  each  company  will  turn  out  under 
arms,  on  its  own  parade,  for  roll-call  and  inspection  by  its  own 
officers. 

504.  Ten  minutes  after  that  signal  the  Adjutanfs  call  will  be 
given,  when  the  companies  will  be  marched,  (the  band  playing) 


»»  EXTRACTS    FROM    THE 

to  the  regimental  parade,  where  they  will  be  formed  in  their 
relative  positions  in  the  order  of  battle,  arms  ordered  and  at  a 
rest,  the  officers  at  their  post  on  foot  with  swords  draAvn,  the 
Adjutant  on  the  right  of  the  line.  The  music  will  be  formed  in 
two  ranks  on  the  right  of  the  Adjutant,  and  from  the  Adjutant's 
call  to  troop  or  retreat,  the  band  will  play.  The  senior  officer 
present  will  take  command  of  the  parade,  and  will  take  post  at 
a  suitable  distance  in  front,  opposite  the  centre,  facing  the 
line. 

505.  Ten  minutes  after  the  Adjutant's  call,  the  Adjutant  will 
order  the  music  to  heat  off,  when  it  will  commence  on  the  right, 
beat  in  front  of  the  line  to  the  left  and  back  to  its  place  on  the 
right. 

506.  AVhen  the  music  has  ceased,  the  Adjutant  will  step  two 
paces  to  the  front,  face  the  line,  and  command, 

I.  Attention!    2.  Battalion.    3.  Shoulder — Arms!    4.  Prepare 

to  open  ranks,     5.  To  the  rear,  open  order! 

6.  March  !     7.  Right — Dress  ! 

At  the  sixth  command,  the  ranks  will  be  opened  according  to 
the  system  laid  down  in  the  Infantry  Tactics,  the  commissioned 
officers  marching  to  the  front,  the  company  officers  four  paces, 
field  officers  six  paces,  opposite  to  their  positions  in  the  order  of 
battle,  where  they  will  halt  and  dress.  The  Adjutant  seeing 
the  ranks  alligned  will  command, 

Front  ! 

and  march  along  the  front  to  the  centre,  face  to  the  right,  and 
pass  the  line  of  company  officers  eight  or  ten  paces,  where  he 
will  come  to  the  right-about  and  give  the  word, 

Present — Arms  ! 

when  arms  will  be  presented,  officers  saluting. 

507.  Seeing  this  executed,  he  will  face  about  to  the  command- 
ing officer,  salute,  and  report,  "  Sir,  the  par  ade  is  formed  J  ^  The 
Adjutant  will  then,  on  intimation  to  that  effect,  take  his  station 


GEI^ERAL   REGULATIONS    FOR   THE    ARMY.  89 

three  paces  on  the  left  of  the  commanding  officer,  one  pace  re- 
tired, passing  round  his  rear. 

508.  The  commanding  officer  having  acknowledged  the  salute 
of  the  line,  by  touching  his  hat,  will,  after  the  Adjutant  has 
taken  his  post,  draw  his  sword,  and  command, 

1.  Battalion.     2.   Shoulder — Arms  ! 

and  add  such  exercises  as  he  may  think  proper,  concluding 
with, 

Order — Arms  ! 

509.  The  Adjutant  will  now  pass  round  the  right  of  the  com- 
manding officer,  advance  upon  the  line,  halt  midway  between 
him  and  the  line  of  company  officers  and  command, 

1.  First  Sergeants,  to  the  front  and  centre.     2.  March! 

At  the  first  w^ord  they  will  shoulder  arms  as  Sergeants,  march 
two  paces  to  the  front  and  face  inwards.  At  the  second  word, 
they  will  march  to  the  centre  and  halt.  The  Adjutant  will  then 
order, 

1.  Front — Face  !     2.  Report. 

At  the  last  word,  each  in  succession,  beginning  on  the  right,  will 
salute,  by  bringing  the  left  hand  smartly  across  the  breast  to 
the  right  shoulder,  and  report  the  result  of  the  roll-call,  previ- 
ously made  on  the  company  parade. 

510.  The  Adjutant  again  commands, 

1.  First  Sergeants,  outioa7xl — Face!     2.  To  your  posts — March! 

when  they  will  resume  their  places  and  order  arms.  The  Ad- 
jutant wall  now  face  to  the  commanding  officer,  salute,  and  give 
the  result  of  the  First  Sergeant's  reports.  The  commanding  of- 
ficer will  next  direct  the  orders  to  be  read,  w^hen  the  Adjutant 
will  face  about  and  announce. 

Attention  to  Orders. 
He  will  then  read  the  orders. 


90  EXTRACTS    FROM   THE 

511.  The  orders  having  been  read,  the  Adjutant  will  face  to 
the  commanding  officer,  salute,  and  report ;  when,  on  an  intima- 
tion from  the  commander,  he  will  face  again  to  the  line  and  an- 
nounce, 

IJie  Parade  is  disinissed. 

All  officers  will  now  return  their  swords,  face  inwards,  and  close 
on  the  Adjutant,  he  having  taken  position  in  their  line,  the 
field  officers  on  the  flanks.     The  Adjutant  gives  the  word, 

1.  Front — Face!     2.  Forioard — March! 

when  they  will  march  forward,  dressing  on  the  centre,  the  music 
playing,  and  when  within  six  paces  of  the  commander,  the  Ad- 
jutant will  give  the  word, 

Halt! 

The  officers  will  then  salute  the  commanding  officer  by  raising 
the  hand  to  the  cap,  and  there  remain  until  he  shall  have  com- 
municated to  them  such  instructions  as  he  may  have  to  give,  or 
intimates  that  the  ceremony  is  finished.  As  the  officers  disperse, 
the  First  Sergeants  will  close  the  ranks  of  their  respective  com- 
panies, and  march  them  to  the  company  parades,  where  they 
will  be  dismissed,  the  band  continuing  to  play  until  the  compa- 
nies clear  the  regimental  parade. 

512.  All  company  officers  and  men  will  be  present  at  dress 
parades,  unless  especially  excused,  or  on  some  duty  incompati- 
ble with  such  attendance. 

513.  The  dress  parade  being  essential  to  ensure  the  complete 
equipment  and  neatness  of  the  troops,  as  well  as  to  exhibit  them 
under  arms,  at  least  once  a  day,  commanding  officers  will  be 
held  responsible  that  they  are  not  dispensed  with,  except  on  ex- 
traordinary and  urgent  occasions. 

n.    REVIEW. 

514.  Preparatory  to  a  review,  the  Adjutant  will  cause  a  camp- 
color  to  be  placed  80  or  100  paces,  or  more,  according  to  the 
length  of  the  line,  in  front  of,  and  opposite  to  where,  the  cen- 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.      91 

tre  of  the  battalion  will  rest,  where  the  reviewing  officer  is  sup- 
posed to  take  his  station ;  and  although  he  may  choose  to  quit 
that  position,  still  the  color  is  to  be  considered  as  the  point  to 
which  all  the  movements  and  formations  are  relative. 

515.  The  Adjutant  will  also  cause  points  to  be  marked,  at 
suitable  distances,  for  the  wheelings  of  the  division ;  so  that 
their  right  flanks,  in  marching  past,  shall  only  be  about  four 
paces  from  the  camp-color,  where  it  is  supposed  the  reviewing 
officer  places  himself  to  receive  the  salute. 

516.  The  battalion  being  formed  in  the  order  of  battle,  at  slioid- 
dered  arms,  the  Colonel  will  command, 

1.  Battalion  prepare  for  review!    2.  To  the  rear,  open  order! 
3.  March! 

At  the  word  March  !  the  field  and  staff  officers  dismount ;  the 
company  officers  and  the  color  rank  advance  four  paces  in  front 
of  the  front  rank,  and  place  themselves  opposite  to  their  respec- 
tive places,  in  the  order  of  battle.  The  staff  officers  place  them- 
selves, according  to  rank,  three  paces  on  the  right  of  the  rank  of 
company  officers,  and  one  pace  from  each  other ;  the  music  ad- 
vances through  the  centre  and  forms  in  two  ranks,  (the  band  in 
front,)  between  the  colors  and  the  line ;  the  color-guard  replace 
the  color-rank ;  the  Sergeant-Major  and  the  Quarter-master-Ser- 
geant  take  post  one  pace  from  each  other,  and  three  paces  on 
the  right  of  the  front  rank  of  the  battalion. 

517.  When  the  ranks  are  aligned,  the  Colonel  will  command, 

Front ! 

and  place  himself  eight  paces,  and  the  Lieutenant  Colonel  and 
Major  will  place  themselves  two  paces  in  front  of  the  rank  of 
company  officers,  and  opposite  to  their  respective  places  in  the 
order  of  battle,  all  facing  to  the  front. 

518.  When  the  reviewing  officer  presents  himself  before  the 
centre,  and  is  fifty  or  sixty  paces  distant,  the  Colonel  will  face 
about,  and  command, 


92  EXTRACTS    FROM   THE 

Present — Arms  ! 

and  resume  his  front.  The  men  present  arms,  and  the  officers 
salute,  so  as  to  drop  their  swords  with  the  last  motion  of  the 
firelock.  The  non-commissioned  staff  salute  by  bringing  the 
sword  to  a  poise,  the  hilt  resting  on  the  breast,  the  blade  in 
front  of  the  face,  inclining  a  little  outward. 

The  music  will  play,  and  all  the  drums  beat,  according  to  the 
rank  of  the  reviewing  officer.  The  colors  only  salute  such  per- 
sons as,  from  their  rank,  and  by  regulation,  (see  Art.  XXXVII,) 
are  entitled  to  that  honor.  If  the  reviewing  officer  be  junior  in 
rank  to  the  commandant  of  parade,  no  compliment  will  be  paid 
to  him,  but  he  will  be  received  with  arms  carried. 

519.  The  reviewing  officer  having  halted,  and  acknowledged 
the  salute  of  the  line,  by  touching  or  raising  his  cap  or  hat,  the 
Colonel  will  face  about  and  command, 

Shoulder — Arms  ! 

when  the  men  shoulder  their  pieces  ;  the  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned staff  recover  their  swords,  with  the  last  motion,  and 
the  Colonel  faces  to  the  front. 

620.  The  reviewing  officer  will  then  go  towards  the  right,  the 
whole  remaining  perfectly  steady,  without  paying  any  further 
compliment,  while  he  passes  along  the  front  of  the  battalion, 
and  proceeds  round  the  left  flank,  and  along  the  rear  of  the 
file-closers  to  the  right.  While  the  reviewing  officer  is  going 
round  the  battalion,  the  band  will  play,  and  will  cease  when  he 
has  returned  to  the  right  flank  of  the  troops. 

521.  When  the  reviewing  officer  turns  off  to  place  himself  by 
the  camp-color  in  front,  the  Colonel  will  face  to  the  line  and 
command, 

1.  Close  Order.    2.  March  ! 

At  the  first  command,  the  field  and  company  officers  will  face 
to  the  right  about,  and  at  the  second  command,  all  persons,  ex- 
cept the  Colonel,  will  resume  their  places  in  the  order  of  battle ; 
the  field  and  staff  officers  mount. 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.     93 

522.  The  reviewing  ojficer  having  taken  his  position  near  the 
camp  color,  the  Colonel  will  command, 

1.  By  company,  right  wheel.     2.  Quick — March  !     3.  Pass  in 
review.    4.  Column,  forward.     5.  Guide  right.     6.  March! 

The  battalion,  in  column  of  company,  right  in  front,  will  then, 
in  common  time,  and  at  shouldered  arms,  be  put  in  motion ;  the 
Colonel  four  paces  in  front  of  the  Captain  of  the  leading  Com- 
pany ;  the  Lieutenant  Colonel  on  a  line  with  the  leading  com- 
pany ;  the  Major  on  a  line  with  the  rear  company ;  the  Adju- 
tant on  a  line  with  the  second  company ;  the  Sergeant  Major  on 
a  line  with  the  company  next  preceding  the  rear, — each  six 
paces  from  the  flank  (left)  opposite  to  the  reviewing  officer ;  the 
staff  officers  in  one  rank,  according  to  the  order  of  precedency, 
from  the  right,  four  paces  in  rear  of  the  column ;  the  music 
preceded  by  the  principal  musician,  six  paces  before  the  Colo- 
nel ;  the  pioneers  preceded  by  a  Corporal,  four  paces  before  the 
principal  musician ;  and  the  Quartermaster  Sergeant  two  paces 
from  the  side  opposite  to  the  guides,  and  in  line  with  the  pio- 
neers. 

523.  All  other  officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  will 
march  past  in  the  places  prescribed  for  them  in  the  march  of 
an  open  column.  The  guides  and  soldiers  will  keep  their  heads 
steady  to  the  front  in  passing  in  review. 

524.  The  color-bearer  will  remain  in  ranks  while  passing  and 
saluting. 

525.  The  music  will  begin  to  play  just  after  the  leading  com- 
pany has  completed  the  second  wheel,  taking  particular  care 
that  they  play  in  the  same  time,  or  cadence,  as  that  in  which 
the  column  is  marching,  and  wheel  to  the  left  out  of  the  col- 
umn, and  take  a  position  opposite  to,  and  facing  the  reviewing 
officer ;  and  will  continue  to  play  until  the  rear  of  the  column 
shall  have  passed  him,  when  it  will  cease  and  follow  in  the  rear 
of  the  battalion,  unless  the  battalion  is  to  pass  in  quick  time 
also,  in  which  case  it  will  keep  its  position.  (See  paragraph 
531.) 

526.  The  officers  will  salute  the  reviewing  officer  when  they 


94  EXTRACTS   FROM  THE 

arrive  within  six  paces  of  him,  and  recover  their  swords  when 
six  paces  past  him.  All  officers  in  saluting  will  cast  their  eyes 
towards  the  reviewing  officer. 

527.  The  Colonel,  when  he  has  saluted,  at  the  head  of  the 
laattalion,  will  place  himself  near  the  reviewing  officer,  and  will 
remain  there  until  the  rear  has  passed,  when  he  will  rejoin  the 
battalion. 

528.  The  colors  will  salute  the  reviewing  officer  when  within 
six  paces  of  him,  and  be  raised  when  they  have  passed  by  him 
an  equal  distance.  The  drums  will  beat  a  march  or  ruffle,  ac- 
cording to  the  rank  of  the  reviewing  officer,  at  the  same  time 
that  the  colors  salute. 

529.  When  the  rear  of  the  column  has  passed  the  reviewing 
officer,  the  Colonel  will  command, 

1.  Battalion.    2.  Guide  left ! 
and  the  column  will  be  directed,  by  turning  to  the  left,  to  the 
ground  which  it  previously  occupied,  when  the  Colonel  will 
command, 

1.  Column.    2.  Halt.     3.  Left,  into  line,  iclieel.    4.  March  ! 

530.  When  the  line  is  formed  in  order  of  battle,  the  Colonel 
will  cause  the  ranks  to  be  opened,  the  officers  taking  post  in 
front,  and  the  Review  will  terminate  by  the  whole  saluting,  as 
at  the  beginning. 

531.  If,  however,  instructions  have  been  previously  given  to 
march  the  troops  past  in  quick  time  also,  the  Colonel  will,  in- 
stead of  halting  the  column  and  wheeling  it  into,  line  as  above 
directed,  give  the  command, 

1.   Quick  time.     2.  March  ! 

At  which  command,  the  column  will  change  the  time  of  march- 
ing and  pass  by  the  reviewing  officer,  either  at  sJiouldered,  or  at 
support  arms ;  and  no  salute  will  be  offered  by  either  officers 
or  men.  The  music  will  have  kept  its  position  opposite  the  re- 
viewing officer,  and  will  commence  playing  at  the  same  time  as 
is  directed,  when  the  battalion  passes  in  common  time ;  and  as 


GENERAL   REGULATIONS    FOR   THE   ARMY.  95 

the  column  approaches,  will  place  itself  in  front  of,  and  march 
off  with  the  column,  and  continue  to  play,  until  the  battalion  is 
halted  on  its  original  ground  of  formation.  The  Review  will 
terminate  in  the  same  manner  as  prescribed  above. 

532.  The  Colonel  will  afterwards  cause  the  troops  to  perform 
such  exercises  and  manoeuvres  as  the  reviewing  officer  may 
direct. 

533.  When  two  or  more  battalions  are  to  be  reviewed,  they 
will  be  formed  in  parade  order,  with  the  proper  intervals,  and 
will  also  perform  the  same  movements  that  are  laid  down  for  a 
single  battalion,  observing  the  additional  directions  that  are 
given  for  such  movements  when  applied  to  the  line.  The  Bri- 
gadier, and  his  staff,  on  foot,  will  place  themselves  opposite  the 
centre  of  the  brigade  :  the  Brigadier  two  paces  in  front  of  the 
rank  of  Golonels  ;  his  Aids  two  paces  on  his  right,  and  one  re- 
tired ;  and  the  other  brigade  staff  officers  those  having  the  rank 
of  field  officers,  in  the  rank,  of  Lieutenant-Colonels  and  Majors  ; 
and  those  beloAV  that  rank  in  the  rank  of  company  officers. 

534.  In  passing  in  review,  a  Major  General  will  be  four  paces 
in  front  of  the  Colonel  of  the  leading  battalion  of  his  division  ; 
and  the  Brigadiers  will  be  on  the  right  of  the  Colonels  of  the 
leading  battalions  of  their  brigades  ;  staff  officers  on  the  left  of 
their  Generals. 

535.  Upon  occasions  when  the  line  exceeds  two  battalions, 
the  reviewing  officer  may,  at  his  option,  to  save  time,  cause 
them  to  march  past  in  quick  time.  In  such  cases  the  mounted 
officers  only  will  salute. 

536.  A  number  of  companies  less  than  a  battalion  vrill  be 
reviewed  as  a  battalion,  and  a  single  company  as  if  it  were  with 
the  battalion.  In  the  latter  case,  the  company  may  pass  in  col- 
umn of  platoons* 

537.  If  several  brigades  are  to  be  reviewed  together,  or  in 
one  line,  this  further  difference  will  be  observed  ;  the  review- 
ing personage,  joined  by  the  General  of  the  division,  on  the 
right  of  his  division,  will  proceed  down  the  line,  parallel  to  its 
front,  and  when  near  the  Brigadiers  respectively,  will  be  salu- 
ted by  their  brigades  in  succession*    The  music  of  each,  after 


96  EXTRACTS   FROM   THE 

the  prescribed  salute,  will  play  while  the  reviewing  personage 
is  in  front,  or  in  rear  of  it,  and  only  then. 

538.  The  battalions  will  take,  in  marching,  intervals  between 
them  of  forty  paces. 

539.  In  marching  in  review,  with  several  battalions,  in  com- 
mon time,  the  music  of  each  succeeding  battalion  will  com- 
mence to  play  when  the  music  of  the  preceding  one  has  ceased, 
in  order  to  follow  its  battalion.  When  marching  in  quick  time, 
the  music  will  begin  to  play  when  the  rear  company  of  the 
preceding  battalion  has  passed  the  reviewing  officer. 

540.  The  reviewing  officer  or  personage  will  acknowledge  the 
salute,  by  raising,  or  taking  off  his  cap,  or  hat,  when  the  com- 
mander of  the  troops  salutes  him ;  and  also  when  the  colors 
pass.  The  remainder  of  the  time  occupied  by  the  passage  of 
the  troops  he  will  be  covered. 

541.  The  review  of  Cavalry  and  Artillery  will  be  conducted 
on  similar  principles,  and  according  to  the  systems  of  instruc- 
tions for  those  arms  of  service. 

III.      "  GUARD  MOUNTING.^' 

542.  Camp  and  garrison  guards  will  be  relieved  every  twenty- 
four  hours.  The  guards  at  outposts  will  ordinarily  be  relieved 
in  the  same  manner,  but  this  must  depend  on  their  distances 
from  camp,  or  other  circumstances,  which  may  sometimes  re- 
quire their  continuing  on  duty  several  days.  In  such  cases 
they  must  be  previously  notified  to  provide  themselves  accord- 
ingly. 

543.  Thirty  minutes  before  guard  mounting,  a  call  will  be 
sounded  for  the  men  warned  for  duty,  to  turn  out  on  their  com- 
pany parades  for  inspection  by  the  First  Sergeants,  superinten- 
t ended  by  a  commissioned  officer  of  each  company.  Ten  minutes 
after,  a  second  call  will  be  sounded  for  the  duty  men  to  repair 
to  the  regimental  or  garrison,  parade  conducted  by  the  First 
Sergeants.  Each  detachment  as  it  arrives  will,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Adjutant,  take  post  on  the  left  of  the  one  that  pre- 
ceded it,  in  open  order,  arms  shouldered,  and  bayonets  fixed  ; 
the  supernumeraries  five  paces  in  the  rear  of  the  men  of  their 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.     97 

respective  companies.  If  the  guards  are  intended  for  the  grand 
parade,  they  will  take  post  in  the  order  prescribed  above,  under 
the  direction  of  the  general  staff  officers,  or  his  assistant,  the 
Adjutant  of  the  day. 

544.  The  following  regulations  respecting  mounting  guards, 
are  drawn  up,  with  reference  to  the  grand  parade  ;  with  a  few 
obvious  variations,  they  will  equally  apply  to  regimental  or 
garrison  parade. 

545.  The  ranks  being  opened  and  aligned,  the  officers  of 
guards  will  at  the  word  ^^Jronf^  take  post  twelve  paces  in  front 
of  the  centre,  in  one  line,  according  to  rank,  and  with  swords 
drawn :  the  Sergeants  in  one  rank,  four  paces  in  the  rear  of  the 
officers  ;  and  the  Corporals  in  one  rank,  four  paces  in  the  rear 
of  the  Sergeants  ;  the  whole  facing  to  the  front. 

546.  The  Adjutant  of  the  day  will  dress  the  lines,  count  the 
files,  verify  the  details  by  reference  to  the  written  orders,  and 
tell  off  the  guards,  whilst  the  general  staff  officer  appoints  the 
officers  and  non-commissioned  officers  to  the  several  guards,  and 
designates  the  post  which  they  are  to  occupy. 

547.  The  staff  officer  will  then  command, 

1.   Officers  and  non-commissioned  officers.     2.  Ahouir^face. 
3.  Inspect  your  guards — March  ! 

The  commander  of  each  guard  then  commands, 

1.   Order  arms      2.  Inspection  of  arms. 

The  two  highest  in  rank  of  each  guard  will  divide  the  ranks 
between  them,  accompanied  by  the  other  officers,  and  inspect 
accordingly,  during  the  inspection  the  band  will  play. 

548.  The  inspection  ended,  the  officers,  and  non-commissioned 
officers  will  take  post  in  their  respective  guards,  as  though  each 
guard  were  a  company  of  a  battalion,  in  open  order,  under  review; 
at  which  time,  also,  the  officers  of  the  day  will  take  post  in  front  of 
the  centre  of  the  guards,  the  old  officer  of  the  day  on  the  right 
of  the  new  officer  of  the  day,  one  pace  retired. 


98  EXTRACTS    FROM   THE 

549.  The  staff  officer  will  now  command, 

1.  Parade — Rest!     2.  Troop — Beat  off! 

when  the  music,  beginning  on  the  right,  will  beat  down  the 
line  in  front  of  the  officers  of  the  guards  to  the  left,  and  back 
to  its  place  on  the  right,  where  it  will  cease  to  play. 

550.  the  staff  officer  continues, 

1.  Attention!     2.  Shoulder — Arms!      3.   Close  order — March! 

At  the  word  "  close  order"  the  officers  will  face  about ;  at 
"  march,"  resume  their  posts  in  line.  The  officers  having  taken 
their  posts  in  line,  the  staff  officer  will  command, 

Present — Arms  ! 

At  which  he  will  face  to  the  new  officer  of  the  day,  salute  and 
report,  "  Sir,  the  guards  areformedT  The  new  officer  of  the  day, 
after  acknowledging  the  salute,  w^ill  give  the  necessary  instruc- 
tions to  the  staff  officer,  who  will  cause  the  same  to  be  executed, 
the  staff  officer  giving  the  word  of  command.  But  if  the  staff 
officer  should  be  senior  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  he  would  report 
without  saluting  with  the  sword,  and  immmediately  retire.  In 
this  case  the  Adjutant  of  the  day  would  be  instructed  to  "give 
the  orders,  in  the  following  paragraph,  or  the  officer  of  the  day 
would  give  them  himself. 

551.  The  guard  having  shouldered  arms,  and  performed  such 
exercises  as  may  be  required  by  the  officer  of  the  day,  the  staff 
officer  w^ill  again  command, 

1.  By  guard  [ov  platoon)  right  icheel.    2.  March!     3.  Pass  in 
revieiv.    4.   Column  forward.     5.   Guide  7nght.     0.  March! 

when  the  whole  will  march  past  the  officer  of  the  day  accord- 
ing to  the  order  of  review,  conducted  by  the  staff  officer,  march- 
ing on  the  left  of  the  first  division  ;  the  Adjutant  of  the  da}^  on 
the  left  of  the  last  division. 

552.  AVhen  the  column  has  passed  the  officer  of  the  day,  the 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.      99 

guards  will  break  off  under  their  respective  commanders,  and 
take  the  route  to  the  several  posts  assigned  them,  the  staff  offi- 
cers breaking  off  at  the  same  time  ;  the  m-usic  for  the  parade, 
which  has  wheeled  out  of  column,  and  taken  post  opposite  the 
officer  of  the  day,  will  cease,  and  the  old  officer  of  the  day- 
salute,  and  give  the  old  or  standing  orders  to  the  new  officer  of 
the  day.  The  supernumeraries,  at  the  same  time,  will  be 
marched  by  the  First  Sergeants  to  their  respective  company 
parades,  and  dismissed. 

553.  Guards  which  are  assigned  to  new  posts,  will  be  conduc- 
ted to,  and  established  in  them  by  the  officer  of  the  day,  and 
the  staff  officer  detached  from  head  quarters  for  the  purpose. 

554.  In  bad  weather,  the  ceremony  of  turning  off  guards  on 
the  usual  parades  may  be  dispensed  with  by  the  officer  of  the  day, 
and  the  inspection  be  made  under  shelter.  Also,  in  case  of  guards 
which  may  have  to  mount  in  the  night,  or  at  the  close  of  the 
day,  after  fatiguing  marches,  the  ceremony  of  turning  off  may 
be  dispensed  with ;  but  never  that  of  inspection. 

555.  The  officer  of  the  day  will  always  be  present  at  guard 
mounting.  No  other  officer,  except  a  general  officer,  will  inter- 
fere with,  or  give  any  order  on  the  parade  to  the  staff  officer  on 
duty  there.  The  commander  of  the  troops  or  garrison,  though 
under  the  rank  of  General,  is  of  course  an  exception  to  this 
rule. 

556.  The  regiment  that  furnishes  the  i^djutant  of  the  day, 
will  also  furnish  the  music  for  the  grand  parade. 

557.  The  guards  are  to  move  in  the  greatest  order  to  their 
respective  posts,  marching  by  platoons  when  the  road  will  per- 
mit. 

558.  The  officer  of  the  old  guard  having  his  guard  paraded, 
on  the  approach  of  the  new  guard,  commands, 

Present — Arms  ! 

559.  The  new  guard  will  march,  in  quick  time,  past  the  old 
guard,  at  shouldered  arms,  officers  saluting,  and  take  post  three 
or  four  paces  on  its  right,  where,  being  aligned  with  it,  its  com- 
mander will  order, 

5 


100  EXTRACTS    FROM   THE 

Present — Arsis  ! 

The  two  officers  will  then  approach  each  other,  and  the  relieving 
officer  take  his  orders  from  the  relieved.  Both  officers  will  then 
return  to  their  respective  guards  and  command, 

1.  Shoulder — Ar3is!     2.   Order — Arms! 

560.  The  officer  of  the  new  guard  will  now  direct  his  Ser- 
geant to  make  a  list  of  the  guard,  dividing  them  into  three  re- 
liefs, and  placing  the  most  steady  and  experienced  at  the  body 
of  the  guard,  and  at  the  remote  and  responsible  posts ;  and  will 
himself  proceed  to  take  possession  of  the  guard-house  or 
guard-tent  and  the  articles  and  prisoners  in  charge  of  the 
guard. 

561.  During  the  time  of  relieving  the  sentinels,  and  of  call- 
ing in  the  small  posts,  the  commanders  of  the  two  guards,  will, 
when  near  the  enemy,  visit  the  avenues  leading  to  the  post,  the 
old  commander  giving  to  the  new  all  the  information  he  may 
possess  relative  to  the  enemy. 

562.  The  detachments  and  sentinels  from_  the  old  guard  hav- 
ing come  in,  it  will  be  marched  at  slwuldered  arms  along  the 
front  of  the  new  guard,  in  quick  time,  the  new  guard  standing 
2bi presented  arms  ;  officers  saluting,  and  the  music  of  both  guards 
beating,  except  at  the  outposts,  where  it  is  prohibited. 

563.  On  arriving  at  the  camp,  or  post,  the  commander  will 
send  the  detachments  composing  it  under  the  charge  of  an  offi- 
cer or  non-commissioned  officer,  to  their  respective  regiments, 
unless  the  officer  of  the  day  should  be  present  to  inspect  the  old 
guard,  when  he  will  cause  the  same  to  be  done  under  their 
proper  officers.  Before  the  men  are  dismissed,  their  pieces  will 
be  drawn,  or  discharged  at  a  target,  on  rejoining  their  compa- 
nies, the  chiefs  of  squads  will  examine  the  arms,  &c.,  of  their 
men,  and  cause  the  whole  to  be  put  away  in  good  order. 

564.  When  the  old  guard  has  marched  off  fifty  paces,  the 
officer  of  the  new  guard  will  order  his  men  to  stack  their 
arms,  or  place  them  in  the  arm-racks. 

565.  The  commander  of  the  guard  will  then  make  himself. 


GENERAL   REGULATIONS    FOR  TftE"  AR^JV^Y.  101 

acquainted  with  all  the  instructions  for  his  po?t;  ^isio  the  &eD- 
tinels,  and  question  them,  the  officers  and  non-commissioned 
officers,  relative  to  the  instructions  they  may  have  received 
from  other  persons  of  the  old  guard. 

IV.      RELIEVING  SENTINELS. 

566.  Sentinels  will  be  relieved  every  two  hours,  unless  the 
state  of  the  weather,  or  other  causes,  should  make  it  proper  or 
necessary,  that  it  be  done  at  shorter  or  longer  intervale. 

567.  The  first  relief  having  been  designated,  and  ordered  two 
paces  to  the  front,  the  Corporal  of  the  new  Guard  will  take 
charge  of  it,  and  go  to  relieve  the  sentinels,  accompanied  by  the 
Corporal  of  the  old  guard,  who  will  take  command  of  the  old 
sentinels,  when  the  whole  are  relieved. 

568.  If  the  sentinels  are  numerous,  the  Sergeants  are  to  be 
employed,  as  well  as  the  Corporals,  in  relieving  them. 

569.  The  relief,  with  arms  at  a  support,  in  two  ranks,  will 
march  by  a  flank,  conducted  by  the  Corporal  on  the  side  of  the 
leading  front  rank  man :  and  the  men  will  be  numbered  alter- 
nately in  the  front  and  rear  rank,  the  man  on  the  right  of  the 
front  rank  being  No.  1.  Should  an  officer  approach,  the  Corpo- 
ral will  command,  carry  arms,  and  resume  the  support  amis 
when  the  officer  is  passed. 

570.  The  sentinels  at  the  guard  house,  or  guard  tent,  will 
be  the  first  relieved  and  left  behind,  the  one  most  distant  will 
be  the  next  relieved,  and  the  others  in  succession,  as  the  relief 
returns  to  the  guard. 

571.  When  a  sentinel  sees  the  relief  approaching,  he  will 
halt  and  face  to  it  with  his  arms  at  a  shoulder.  At  six  paces 
the  Corporal  will  command, 

1.  Relief.    2.  Halt  ! 

when  the  relief  will  halt  and  carry  arms.  The  Corporal  will 
then  add,  "  No.  1,"  or  "  No.  2,''  or  "  No.  3,"  according  to  the 
number  of  the  post, 

-4rw5— Port  I 


102  EX^TCRACTS    FROM   THE 

The  two  sentinels  will,  with  arms  at  port,  then  approach  each 
other,  when  the  old  sentinel  under  the  direction  of  the  corpo- 
ral, and  in  his  hearing,  will  whisper  the  instructions  to  the  new 
sentinel.  This  done,  the  two  sentinels  shoulder  arms,  and  the 
old  sentinel  will  pass,  in  quick  time,  to  his  place,  in  rear  of  the 
relief.     The  corporal  will  then  command, 

1.  Relief.    2.  Support — Arms !    3.  Forward.    4.  March ! 

and  the  relief  proceeds  in  the  same  manner,  until  the  whole  are 
relieved. 

572.  A  relief  is  always  to  be  marched  in  the  greatest  order 
and  the  Corporals  will  be  answerable  that  the  sentinels,  when 
relieving,  perform  their  motions  with  spirit  and  exactness. 

V.   RECEPTION  OF  THE  OFFICER  OF  THE  DAY  BY  THE  GUARD. 

573.  When  the  sentry  before  the  Guard  perceives  the  officer 
of  the  day  approach,  he  will  call,  "  Turn  out  the  guardy  officer 
of  the  day  ;^^  when  the  guard  will  be  paraded,  and  salute  him 
with  presented  arms. 

574.  When  the  officer  of  the  day  approaches  the  sentry,  be- 
fore the  guard,  at  night,  the  latter  will  challenge,  "■  Who  comes 
there  ;^^  and  the  first  will  answer,  ''  Officer  of  the  day. ^^  The 
sentinel  will  reply,  "Halt;  turn  out  the  guard;  officer  of  the  day !'' 
The  guard  will  be  paraded,  and  the  commander  of  it  will  direct 
the  Sergeant  to  advance,  who  will  say,  "  Advance  officer  of  the 
day,  with  the  countersign.  The  officer  of  the  day  will  give  the 
countersign,  when  the  Sergeant,  turning  to  the  officer  of  the 
guard,  says,  *'  The  countersign  is  right.' ^  The  officer  of  the 
guard  will  then  say,  "  Advance,  officer  of  the  day  J'  He  may 
also  demand  the  parole  if  he  thinks  necessary.  The  guard 
will  stand  at  shouldered  arms. 

575.  The  officer  of  the  day  will  examine  the  guard ;  see  that 
they  are  vigilant ;  that  none  are  absent ;  and  that  their  arms 
and  accoutrements  are  in  order ;  that  the  officers  and  non-com- 
missioned officers  are  acquainted  with  their  duty ;  and  that  the 
sentinels  are  properly  posted,  and  have  received  proper  orders. 


GENERAL   REGULATIONS    FOR   THE   ARMV.  103 

TI.   GRAND  ROUNDS. 

576.  The  officer  of  the  day,  wishing  to  make  his  rounds, 
will  direct  an  escort  of  a  non-commissioned  officer  and  two 
men  to  accompany  him. 

577.  When  the  rounds  are  challenged  by  a  sentinel,  the  Ser- 
geant will  answer,  "  Grand-i^oiinds !"  and  the  sentinel  will 
reply,  "  Halt,  grand-rounds  J  ^  Advance,  Sergeant,  ivith  the 
countersign  P^  Upon  which,  the  Sergeant  advances  and  gives 
the  countersign.  The  sentinel  will  then  cry,  "  Advarice,  ro%inds  V^ 
and  stand  at  a  shoulder  until  they  have  passed. 

578.  When  the  sentinel  before  the  guard  challenges,  and  is 
answered  ''  Grand^ounds,'^  he  will  reply,  "  Halt,  grand- 
rounds!^^  Turn  out  the  guard  ;  grand-rounds  T^  Upon  which 
the  guard  will  turn  out,  and  be  drawn  up  in  good  order,  at 
shouldered  arms,  the  officers  taking  their  posts.  The  officer 
commanding  the  guard  will  then  order  a  Sergeant  and  two  men 
to  advance  towards  the  rounds,  and  challenge.  When  within 
ten  paces,  the  Sergeant  will  halt,  and  challenge  briskly.  The 
Sergeant  of  the  grand-rounds  will  answer,  ''  Grand-rounds !'' 
The  Sergeant  of  the  guard  replies,  "  Stand,  Grand-rounds  V* 
"  AdvaJice  Sergeant  ivith  the  countersign  P^  The  Sergeant  of 
the  rounds  advances  alone,  and  having  given  the  countersign 
returns  to  his  round.  The  Sergeant  of  the  guard  calls  to  his 
officer,  ^^  The  Countersign  is  right  V^  on  which  the  officer  of 
the  guard  calls,  "  Advance,  rounds  J'  The  officer  of  the  rounds 
then  advances  alone ;  the  guard  standing  at  shouldered  arms. 
The-  officer  of  the  rounds  passes  along  the  front  of  the  guard 
immediately  to  the  officer,  who  keeps  his  post  on  the  right,  and 
gives  him  the  parole.  He  then  examines  the  guard,  orders 
back  his  escort,  and,  demanding  a  new  one,  proceeds  in  the 
same  manner  to  other  guards. 

579.  All  material  instructions  given  to  a  sentinel  on  post  by 
persons  entitled  to  make  grand-rounds,  ought  to  be  promptly 
notified  to  the  commander  of  the  guard. 

580.  All  General  officers,  as  well  as  the  commander  of  the 
post  or  garrison,  may  visit  the  guards,  and  go  the  grand- 


104  EXTRACTS   FROM  THE 

rounds,  and  be  receiyed  in  the  same  manner  as  prescribed  for 
the  officer  of  the  day. 


ARTICLE    XLI. 

OFFICER  OF  THE  DAY. 

622.  As  soon  as  the  new  guard  has  been  marched  off,  the  offi- 
cer of  the  day  will  repair  to  the  quarters  of  the  commanding 
officer,  and  report  himself,  and  receive  such  further  instructions 
as  may  be  necessary. 

623.  The  officer  of  the  day  must  see  that  the  officer  of  the 
guard  is  furnished  with  the  parole  and  countersign  before  re- 
treat. 

624.  The  officer  of  the  day  ^ill  visit  the  guards  frequently 
during  the  day,  at  such  times  as  he  may  deem  necessary ;  and 
will  also  make  his  rounds,  when  he  visits  the  guard  at  night, 
which  must  be  done  after  12  o^clock. 

625.  Upon  being  relieved,  the  officer  of  the  day  will  make 
such  remarks,  in  the  report  of  the  officer  of  the  guard,  as  cir- 
cumstances require,  and  present  the  same  at  head  quarters. 

OFFICER  OF  THE  GUARD. 

626.  It  is  the  duty  of  officers  on  all  guards  to  inspect  all  re- 
liefs of  sentinels,  both  when  they  go  on,  and  come  off  their 
posts  ;  to  call  the  rolls  frequently,  and  by  every  means  in  their 
power,  to  keep  the  men  under  their  command  in  the  most 
perfect  state  of  vigilance  and  preparation.  They  will  be  res- 
ponsible for  the  security  of  the  prisoners,  and  property  com- 
mitted to  their  charge ;  it  will  be  their  duty  to  suppress  all 
riots  and  disorders,  and  in  case  of  fire  to  give  the  alarm,  and  be 
instrumental  in  extinguishing  it.  They  are  also  watchfully  to 
superintend  the  conduct  of  the  non-commissioned  officers,  taking 
care  that  they  are  correct  in  the  performance  of  their  duty :  that 
they  maintain  a  proper  authority,  and  prevent  every  species  of 
irregularity  among  the  men.    They  must  particularly  ascertain 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS  FOR  THE  ARMY.    105 

that  the  Corporals  themselves  are  well  informed  with  respect 
to  the  orders  they  are  to  deliver  to  the  several  sentinels,  whom 
they  must  frequently  visit,  to  he  assured  that  they  know  their 
duty,  and  have  received  the  proper  instructions. 

627.  Officers  commanding  guards,  when  going  to  visit  their 
sentinels,  are  to  mention  their  intention,  and  the  probable  time 
of  their  absence,  to  the  next  officer  in  command. 

628.  The  officers  are  to  remain  constantly  at  their  guards,  ex- 
cept while  visiting  their  sentinels ;  nor  are  they  to  enter  any 
house  or  place  of  public  amusement. 

629.  Neither  officers  nor  soldiers  are,  on  any  account,  to  take 
off  their  clothing  or  accoutrements  while  they  are  on  guard,  but 
are  always  to  be  in  their  uniform,  fully  equipped  for  the  ser- 
vice. 

630.  The  officer  who  mounts  the  camp  guard,  must  give  or- 
ders to  the  sentinels  not  to  suffer  any  person  to  pass  in  or  out 
of  camp,  except  by  one  of  the  guards ;  nor  then,  till  the  officer 
of  the  guard  has  examined  him. 

631.  The  officer  of  the  guard  must  see  that  the  countersign 
is  duly  communicated  to  the  sentinels  a  little  before  twi- 
light. 

632.  In  case  one  of  the  guard  desert,  the  officer  of  the  guard 
must  immediately  change  the  countersign,  and  send  notice 
thereof  to  the  officer  of  the  day,  who  is  to  communicate  the 
same  to  the  other  guards,  and  to  head-quarters. 

634.  The  officer  of  the  guard  will  send  to  the  officer  of  the 
day  at  guard  mounting,  by  a  non-commissioned  officer,  a  report 
of  his  tour  of  service,  according  to  the  following  form ;  a 
copy  of  which  will  be  left  with  the  officer  who  relieves  him : 


106 


EXTRACTS   PROM  THE 


Report  of  a  Guard  mounted  at  — ,  on  the  — ,  and  relieved  on  the  — . 

PAROLE. 

J! 

2  Q 

i 
> 

m 

S 
0 

2 
- 

ARTICLES  IN  CHARGE 

COUNTERSIGN. 

Detail 

List  of  the  Ckiard. 

RELIEFS,  AND  WHEN  POSTED. 

WHERE 
POSTED. 

6 

1st  Relief, 

2d  Relief 

M  Relief 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5 

This  column  will  contain  the 
remarks  of  the  officer  of  the 
guard  ;    such  as  : — the  time 
the  guard  was  visited  by  the 
officers   of  the  day ;   and  an 
account  of  every  material  cir- 
cumstance that  has  transpi- 
red during  his  tour.    Also  a 
note  of  any  damage  done  to 
guard-house  or  tent. 

List  of  Prisoners. 

Names. 

S 
o 
O 

. 

Confined. 

Charges. 

Sentences. 

Remarks 

6 
2; 

few 

When 

By  whom. 

1 

2 

3 

A.  B. 

Lieut,  of Eeginient  of , 

Commanding  the  Guard. 

GENERAL  REGULATIONS   FOR  THE  ARMY.  107 


DUTIES  OF  SENTINELS. 

636.  Sentinels  will  not  allow  themselves  to  be  relieved,  ex- 
cept by  an  officer  or  non-commissioned  officer  of  their  guard  or 
party ;  nor  will  they  receive  orders  from  any  other  than  such  per- 
sons, or  the  commanding  officer,  or  the  officer  of  the  day ;  which 
orders  will  be  immediately  notified  to  the  commander  of  the 
guard,  by  the  officer  giving  them. 

637.  Orders  or  instructions  to  sentinels,  will  be  given  in  the 
most  distinct  manner,  and  they  will  be  held  strictly  accounta- 
ble that  all  rules  or  regulations  depending  upon  their  vigilance 
and  attention  be  punctually  observed,  or  that  breaches  of  them 
be  immediately  reported. 

638.  Sentinels  must  take  the  greatest  care  not  to  be  sur- 
prised. They  must  keep  themselves  on  the  alert,  observing 
every  thing  that  takes  place  within  sight  and  hearing,  and  will 
habitually  walk  their  posts  briskly  to  and  fro.  They  will  carry 
their  arms  at  support,  or  on  either  shoulder,  but  vdll  never  quit 
them,  or  bring  them  to  an  order.  In  wet  weather,  if  there  be 
no  sentry  box,  they  will  secure  arms. 

639.  For  a  sentinel  to  quit  his  post  without  leave,  is  one  of  the 
most  serious  military  offences.  It  is  also  forbidden  to  sentinels 
to  hold  conversation  with  any  person,  when  not  necessary  for 
the  proper  discharge  of  their  duty. 

640.  During  the  day  sentinels  on  the  outposts  must  stop  every 
party  of  men  whether  armed  or  not,  until  they  have  been  exam- 
ined by  the  officer  of  the  guard. 

641.  A  sentinel  placed  over  the  colors  or  arms,  must  suffer 
no  person  to  touch  them,  except  by  order  of  some  officer,  or  a 
non-commissioned  officer  of  the  guard.  If  placed  over  a  maga- 
zine or  arsenal,  or  over  supplies  of  any  kind,  he  will  call  for 
the  "  Corporal  of  tlie  Guard^^^  if  any  person  under  the  rank 
of  officer  wishes  to  enter  or  touch  them.  Placed  over  prison- 
ers, he  must  suffer  no  person  except  an  officer,  or  a  non-com- 
missioned officer  of  his  guard,  to  converse  with  them ;  nor  must 
he  permit  the  prisoners  to  leave  their  place  of  confinement. 

642.  In  case  of  disorder,  a  sentinel  must  call  out,  "  tht 


108  EXTRACTS   FROM   THE 

guard,^^  and  if  afire  take  place,  he  must  cry  ^'-fireV^  adding 
the  number  of  his  post.  If  in  either  case  the  danger  be  great 
he  must  discharge  his  firelock  before  calling  out. 

643.  It  is  the  duty  of  sentinels  to  repeat  all  calls  mad©  from 
posts  more  distant  from  the  main  body  of  the  guard  than  their 
own,  and  no  sentinel  will  be  posted  so  distant  as  not  to  be  heard 
by  the  guard,  either  directly  or  through  other  sentinels. 

644.  Sentinels  will  present  arms  to  general  and  field  officers, 
to  the  officer  of  the  day,  and  to  the  commanding  officer  of  the 
post.     To  all  other  officers  they  will  carry  arms. 

645.  "When  a  sentinel  in  his  sentry  box  sees  an  officer  ap- 
proaching, he  will  stand  at  attention^  and  as  the  officer  passes, 
will  salute  him,  by  bringing  the  left  hand  briskly  to  the  mus- 
ket, as  high  as  the  right  shoulder. 

646.  The  sentinel  at  the  guard  house,  or  guard-tent,  when  he 
sees  any  body  of  troops,  or  an  officer  entitled  to  complinent 
approach  must  call, — "  turn  out  the  guard  V^ 

647.  Though  the  regulations  dispense  with  guards  turning 
out  as  a  matter  of  compliment  after  sunset,  yet  sentinels  will, 
when  officers  in  uniform  approach  their  posts,  pay  them  proper 
attention,  by  facing  to  their  proper  front,  and  standing  steady 
shouldered  amis.  This  will  be  observed  until  the  evening  ig 
so  far  advanced,  that  the  sentinels  begin  challenging. 

648.  Immediately  after  receiving  the  countersign,  and  until 
re^eilley  sentinels  must  challenge  all  who  approach  them.  They 
must  not  suffer  any  person  to  advance  nearer  than  the  point  of 
their  bayonet,  until  they  have  received  the  countersign,  placing 
themselves  in  the  position  of  ''  arms  porf^  for  that  purpose. 

649.  A  sentinel  in  challenging  will  call  out, — "  who  comes 
there  f"  If  answered — '^friend  with  the  counter sign^^*  and  he  be 
instructed  to  pass  persons  with  the  countersign,  he  will  reply, 
'  *  advance  friend  with  the  couyitersign  V  If  answered  *  ^friends  P  * 
he  will  reply — **  halt  friends,  advance  one  with  the  countersign  P* 
If  answered — "  relief, '^  *'  patrol"  or  '*  grand  rounds !"  he  will 
reply — halt !  advance  sergeant  (or  corporal)  with  the  counter- 
sign P'  and  satisfy  himself  the  party  is  what  it  represents  itself 
to  be.    If  he  have  no  authority  to  pass  persons  with  the  coun* 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS    FOR  THE   ARMY.  109 

tersign,  if  the  wrong  countersign  be  given,  or  if  persons  hay© 
not  the  countersign,  he  will  cause  them  to  stand  and  call — "  Cor- 
poral of  the  guard  P^ 

650.  All  persons  of  whatever  rank  in  the  service  are  required 
to  observe  the  greatest  respect  towards  sentinels ;  and  no  officer 
or  other  person  shall  make  use  of  any  opprobrious  terms  to- 
wards a  soldier  on  his  post,  or  attempt  to  maltreat  him,  in  any 
manner,  under  pain  of  being  punished  for  a  breach  of  disci- 
pline. 


ARTICLE    LV. 


902.  Orders  are  either  general  or  special.  General  orders, 
issued  from  the  Head  Quarters  of  the  army,  are  styled  Gemral 
orders ;  from  other  head  quarters,  they  are  simply  styled  Or- 
ders. They  are  the  orders  of  the  day,  and  are  published  as 
circumstances  may  render  it  necessary.  They  announce  the 
orderly  hours  at  head  quarters ;  the  times  and  places  of  the  dis- 
tributions of  supplies ;  the  time  and  order  of  march  ;  the  hours 
of  the  different  beats  and  signals,  of  guard  mounting,  and  the 
assembling  of  detachments;  the  regulations  of  police;  the 
strength  and  composition  of  guards,  and  the  periods  of  their 
relief;  the  number  and  grades  of  Orderlies,  the  acts  of  Con- 
gress, and  the  regulations  of  the  War  Department,  which  have 
reference  to  the  troops,  and  with  which  they  ought  to  be  made 
acquainted ;  the  appointing  of  General  Courts  Martial,  Courts 
of  Inquiry,  Boards  of  officers,  and  their  sentences  and  opinions ; 
the  commendations  or  animadversions  which  the  conduct  of  the 
troops  may  elicit,  as  well  as  exhortations  suitable  to  particular 
occasions  ;  and  in  general  every  occurrence  proper  to  be  com- 
municated to  the  troops,  or  others  interested. 

903.  Special  orders  are  such  orders  as  do  not  relate  to  the 
service  in  general.    They  have  reference  to  particular  objects 


110      EXTRACT   FROM   o'BRIEN  ON  COURTS   MARTIAL. 

and  individuals  only.  They  need  not,  therefore,  be  published 
to  the  whole  army,  or  to  the  whole  command  of  the  officer 
who  issues  them.  Besides  the  particular  individual  to  whom 
such  orders  may  be  sent  direct,  they  are  to  be  communicated  as 
a  matter  of  course  to  Colonels,  or  other  commanders  whom  they 
interest. 

•^  4f  *  -Jf  *  -K-  -X- 

907.  The  parole^  and  countersigii,  or  watchword,  are  issued 
from  the  head  quarters  of  the  highest  in  command.  They  are 
in  the  nature  of  orders,  but  are  neither  general  nor  special. 

908,  The  head  of  the  order  will  indicate  the  source  from 
which  it  emanates,  as  well  as  the  place,  and  date,  and  the  foot 
of  the  order  v^ill  cite  the  name  of  the  commander  who  gives 
the  order. 


EXTRACT  FROM  O'BRIEN  ON  COURTS  MARTIAL. 

ON  BREACHES  OF  ARREST. 

'*  The  breach  of  arrest  described  in  the  article,  has  always 
been  held  as  a  very  heinous  crime  and  been  severely  punished. 
It  is  looked  upon  as  a  violation  of  honor,  pledged  either  express- 
ly, or  tacitly,  by  the  accused  party.  It  is  considered  that  his 
arrest  is  one  on  honor  and  that  he  is  freed  from  the  pain  of  impris- 
onment, only  because  his  word  is  understood  to  be  given  that 
he  will  conform  to  the  restraint  imposed.  The  offence  is 
deemed  similar  to  that  of  a  prisoner  of  war  who  violates  his 
parole.  The  breach  of  arrest  may  consist  either  in  transgres- 
sing the  limits  prescribed  or  in  violating  the  particular  condi- 
tions implied  or  expressly  stipulated  in  the  arrest.^' 


n*.^* 


YB  48Ci5 


ivi64185 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 


